OF THE DISTRICT. 
151 
feet in Wharnside : the lower scar limestone spread widely, for its base, 
at a height of about 1000 feet on the south side and 900 feet on the 
north. Wharnside is the loftiest point in Yorkshire south of Mickle 
fell. 
Rysell and Widdale fell, separate Dentdale from Garsdale ; the 
latter reaches the great north-east valley from Ingleton to Hawes, 
and the former is truncated by the Penine fault. Rysell, capped 
by strata over the main limestone, is 1823 feet (N.), and the south- 
western end of Widdale fell (Woefell on the maps, Noutberry hill, 
Nixon), is 2205 feet high (N.) ; being capped by grits and coal shales 
above main limestone. 
Bar fell (or Bow fell,) Swartli fell, and Wild Boar fell, unite into 
a remarkable group between the Penine fault and the valley of Hel- 
beck and Mallerstang. Each of these summits has a thick load of 
Gritstones (lower and middle grits) and coal shales above the main 
limestone; Bar fell is 2226 feet: Swarth fell 2237 feet: Wild Boar 
fell 2327 feet ; main limestone about 1400 feet, in all these mountains. 
DRAINAGE. 
The system of drainage of any district presents problems of great 
complexity and varied interest, but the following are the most im- 
portant conditions for the geologist to determine with respect to each 
valley. 
First. Its direction and the relation of this to the strike, dip, and 
dislocations of the strata, and the nature of the rocks. 
Second . The configuration of the valley, as to dimensions and slope 
of bed, in relation to the same circumstances, and the volume of water 
which continually or occasionally flows along it. 
These things known, the great geological problem of the origin of 
valleys become definite in the particular instances, and can be solved 
