154 
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 
The Lune rises in Mickle fell and Little fell, and flows eastward 
nearly parallel to and on the south side of a great dislocation as far as 
Grassholm bridge ; it then turns north-east, passing deeply into the 
Yoredale limestones. 
The Greta rises in a wide hollow of the Penine chain 1400 feet above 
he sea ; flows eastward in strata above the main lime, enters that rock at 
Godsbridge, passes through the underset lime, flagstones, and third lime- 
stone, of Rutherford bridge, and again passes over these rocks and joins 
the Tees in the main limestone 380 feet above the sea. From this 
point the augmented river flows E. by N. for six miles in the direction 
' of the valley of the Greta, till it receives Staindrop beck, whose direction 
to the south-east it then follows, and finally after many bends it turns 
north-east into the sea. 
The dimensions of Teesdale vary according to the nature of the 
rocks through which it passes ; and this independently of the magnitude 
of the stream now flowing. In the Yoredale rocks above Caldron snout 
it is a wide valley, contracted here and there by points of limestone ; 
below this waterfall, though augmented by Maize beck and afterwards 
by Harewood beck, it is a narrower ruder dale with steeper borders 
more resembling a smoothed chasm than a gradually excavated valley : 
below the junction of Lunedale the stream-channel is contracted, but 
the dale spreads widely on either hand, in the argillaceous series above 
the main limestone ; the slope of the valley, or rather of the river-chan- 
nel, is most rapid in the upper parts. From High-cup-nick to below 
Caldron snout, six miles, is a fall of 550 feet ; from this to the 
High force, five miles, 300 feet fall; hence to the junction of Lunes- 
dale, six miles, 300 feet, and from this to the junction of the Greta 
eleven miles is a further descent of 300 feet. 
To explain the direction of the Tees, the Lune, and the Greta, the 
following short statement will be sufficient. A dislocation ranges down 
Teesdale from a point below the High force to the junction of the 
Greta and beyond, causing a downthrow to the north-east : this is 
