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DESCRIPTION OF THE FOSSILS. 
P. ovalis. Ph. PI. VIII. fig. 14. Holland. 
Oblong, dorsal furrow slight, with faint concentric sulci, and numerous spinulose 
puncta. 
P. granulosa. Ph. PI. VIII. fig. 15. Bolland. 
Oblate, ears rounded, no dorsal furrow, surface rough with numerous oblong spinu- 
lose puncta. 
P. spinulosa. Sow. PI. VII. fig. 14. Bolland ; Wolsmgham. 
Semicircular, no mesial furrow, spines few. 
P. pustulosa. Ph. PI. VII. fig. 15. Bolland ; Florence Court. 
Rotundato-quadrate, gibbous, ears angular, furrowed, spineless ; transverse undu- 
lated wrinkles, bearing numerous scattered spines, which become more and more ad- 
pressed toward the margin. 
P. rugata. Ph. PI. VII. fig. 16. Bolland. 
Orbicular, wrinkled across ; with scattered spines. 
Spirifera. — In the following species the beak is imperforate ; the 
upper valve is convex : the hinge line generally straight. 
A. Cuspidatce. Beaks of the valves separated by a wide triangular 
area, the lower one not incurved. Hinge line equal to the breadth of 
the shell. 
S. cuspidata. Sow. PI. IX. fig. 1, 4. Bolland ; Settle ; Derbyshire ; 
Kildare County ; Queen’s County, Ireland, &c. 
Cardinal area very large ; front deeply waved ; sides with radiating smooth sulci ; 
mesial fold commonly smooth. Figure 4, represents a remarkable variety, between which 
and fig. 1, are insensible gradations. 
S. insculpta. Ph. PI. IX. fig. 2, 3 . Bolland ; Derbyshire. 
Cardinal area large ; the mesial and two or three lateral folds very bold, acute, and 
strongly striated across. 
S. senilis. Ph. PI. IX. fig. 5. Bolland. 
Cardinal area large, transversely striated; mesial fold indistinct ; surface ra- 
diatingly striated ; aspect more or less irregular. 
S. crenistria. Ph. PI. IX. fig. 6. Bolland. 
Surface of the valves radiated with strong divaricating strife crenulated by the 
lines of growth. 
S. septosa. Ph. PI. XI. fig. 7. Ribblehead ; Burton fell ; Cumberland 
(Mr. Salmond.) 
Upper valve more convex; both radiated with very wide deep furrows, and 
intervening ribs, dividing into two, three, or four lesser ones towards the margin. The 
