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Plate XXIII. — Diagrams. 
These are described in the letter-press at the pages indicated. 
Concerning No. 5, it may be necessary to observe that the sloping line marks the plane of a 
fault inclined at a small angle to the horizon, while the beds which are shifted by it dip steeply in 
the same direction. If we suppose these beds turned again nearly level (let the book be turned 
round 90 n .) the fault will then be found to follow the ordinary laws of displacement (page 1 18.) This 
is the only case I have ever seen of an uplifted mass of previously dislocated strata, (producing an 
apparently horizontal fault.) In No. 6, the dark part is the vein ; the shaded parts on each side 
the altered rock. In Nos. 9, 10, the dark parts are chiefly shale, the white parts limestone, the ob- 
liquely shaded parts coarse gritstone. 
Plate XXI V. — Sections and Diagrams. 
The three long Sections are sufficiently intelligible, without farther remark, than that they are 
drawn to a scale of 3000 feet elevation in one inch : the dark part (in No. 1,) is the coal formation : 
over it is a small extent of new red sandstone and magnesian conglomerate ; the dotted part 
millstone grit series, (the strongest dotting shews particular grit rocks) ; the white parts are 
limestone ; the shaded parts shale and gritstone ; — the vertical lines mark the grauwacke basis 
of the Penine region. In tracing the edges of the different limestones of the Yoredale series round 
the hill sides, the geologist is greatly assisted by a peculiarity of the drainage, arising from the con- 
trast between the pervious limestone and the watertight grits and shales. It is almost an invariable 
character of these limestones on sloping ground, to he marked along, or rather a little above, their 
surfaces by a series of round hollows, or deep pits, which gather the water from the slialy surface, am! 
suffer it to pass downward and to issue at some lower point in a spring. In all the northern and 
western dales of Yorkshire the five principal Yoredale limestones, and sometimes also the thinner 
beds between them, are marked on the surface by parallel ranges of such * swallow holes,’ and pits, 
often shewing the peculiar corrosion of acidulated water. The phenomenon is generally independent of 
disturbed stratification ; and in fact is chiefly the result of atmospheric action and rain, on the jointed 
calcareous rocks. The diagrams Nos. 14 to 19, are sufficiently explained in the text. so. Gordale is 
in lower scar limestone. 21. Outline of Ingleborough : the top is lower millstone grit : the prominent 
ledge below is main limestone, the next prominent ledge is a thick sandstone, and from this to the 
limestone floor, which is the basis of the mountain, the steep slopes are formed principally of shale 
(with thin limestones and gritstones.) 22. Part of Brimham rocks — the upper millstone grit. 23. 
In this sketch of part of Craven the smooth outlines and insular hills are formed of shale, and thin 
limestones ; the dark rougher ground is millstone grit. 24. Must be studied by referring to the text 
of Chap. vi. p. 176. It is principally intended to call attention to the important fact that the local 
origin of the limestones is different from that of the sandstones and shales ; the former arriving at a 
maximum thickness in the S. E. — the latter in the N. W. 
Plate XXV. — The Geological Map. 
This map contains nothing conjectural ; it is wholly drawn from personal observation, except a 
small part of the range of magnesian limestone near Markington, which I have taken from Professor 
Sedgwick, (Geological Transactions) and the outline of the small coalfield of Ingleton, which was 
given me by Mr. Hodgson. Almost every part is minutely correct ; a small portion about the 
head of Lunedale, and the new red sandstone and magnesian limestone tracts near Ingleton and 
Kirby Stephen, excepted, (where it is almost impossible for accuracy to be obtained.) 
