PHYTOGENY OF THE ANTEONINAE 
339 
Perkins ® divided the Anteoninae which he considered a family 
(Dryinidae) into two subfamilies^ namely the Aphelopinae, con- 
taining the one genus Apheiopus and the Dryininae in which he 
placed all the other genera. This latter subfamily he further 
divided into three tribes which were separated by the character 
of the stigma of the fore wing and by the number of joints in the 
labial palpi. 
Kieffer,^ in his monograph of the Bethylidae, divided the Ante- 
oninae into four tribes ; the Aphelopini, Anteonini, Lestodryinini 
and Gonatopodini. His first two tribes correspond with the 
Aphelopinae and Anteonini of Perkins. However, he placed the 
apterous forms in one tribe, the Gonatopodini and the more spec- 
ialized winged chelate forms in the Lestodryinini. 
There is no question about the first two tribes, i.e., the Aphel- 
opini and Anteonini ; but the evidence seems to point out that 
both Perkins’ and Kieffer’s classification of the genera falling into 
the other two groups should be modified. There is little doubt, 
for instance, that the apterous forms have been derived from two 
different sources, both of which have been classified by Kieffer in 
his Lestodryinini. It has been noted many times that the males 
of certain genera of both the apterous Gonatopus group and the 
winged Lestodryinus group are very similar, and that at the same 
time in each of these tribes there is yet another division based on 
the character of the chela. In other words, in the higher, more 
specialized chelate genera there are two natural divisions based 
upon the character of the chelae, whether the species are apterous 
or winged. Perkins ® observed that in those dryinids parasitizing 
Cicadellidae the claw was not lamellate, while in those attacking 
Fulgoridae it was lamellate or serrate. 
Further proof that the apterous forms are distinct was obtained 
also by Perkins when he split up the old genus Gonatopus into a 
number of genera, and this number has since been enlarged. The 
fact that other bethylid wingless forms superficially resemble the 
Gonatopus group emphasizes these conclusions, and indicates that 
the apterous ant-like form is the result of a certain condition of 
habitat. 
Figure 57 illustrates what seems to the writer to be the 
real phylogeny of this subfamily. Group I contains the single 
genus Apheiopus, admittedly the most primitive and generalized 
3 Ibid., Bull. 11, 1912, page 10. 
4 Kieffer, J. J., Das Tierreich, 41 Lieferung, 1914, page 11 . 
5 Perkins, toe. cit. 
