IS'C'^A-'sis^&'.asssss 
sKSMdaAoB&aiB 
40 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
Tom-4Toes for Cows. — It is not generally 
known (says the P. C. Advocate) that this vege- 
table is a superior article offood for milch cows. 
We have tried it two summers, and it is deci- 
dedly superior to any other vegetable we have 
yet tried. They add greatly to the quantity as 
well as to the richness of the milk, and give a 
rich golden color to the cream and butter, which 
is at least pleasant to the eye, even if the ilav'or 
is not so improved. We do not Icnow, however, 
that they impart any richer flavor to the butter. 
W e have known a cow to refuse them when 
first offered, but soon became very fond of them; 
others, we believe a large majority, eat them 
greedily from the first. Thus far we have fed 
them only in the raw state; but if boiled with 
corn meal, say half and half, or two-thirds to- 
matoes, they Avill doubtless be far better. 
To one who has a dairy" farm, the cultivation 
of an acre or two in tomatoes would be repaid 
b)^ greater profit than any vegetable we know. 
From one acre not less than eight bushels may 
be gathered daily from July until frost. There 
is some trouble in picking them, but then nearly 
every farmer lias children; his little boys — ay, 
and his big ones too — would not be the ivorse 
for a little work. W e should be glad to see the 
experiment tried on a larger scale than ours, 
and to learn the result. 
Spaying. — We have received from L. Bishop* 
Esq., of Smyth county, Virginia, the following 
account of the process adopted in spaying pigs 
by Rufus Rouse in that neighborhood; 
“Fix a plank three feet high. Lay the pig 
itpon the right side on the plank, with two per- 
sons to hold the fore and hind legs and mouth, 
The implements used are a sharp pocket knife 
and a long crooked needle, with cutting awl- 
blade edges, and a strong waxed thread. The 
operator takes his knife and .shaves off some of 
the hair, three and a quarter inches from the 
hip-bone; he then makes an incision crossirise, 
so that he can introduce one finger to bring out 
the uterus; he then cuts off the AV"hole of the ute- 
ras and throws it array; he then enters the nee- 
dle on one side of the wound and brings it up 
through the other, and secures it with a strong 
knot. One stich is sufficient. A mixture of tar 
and hog’s lard is used to smear the wound. — 
This mode ofopei ating is the invention of Capt. 
Rouse, and I am in favor of the plan; consider- 
ing it more safe and less troublesome than the 
other methods.” — CuUivaLor. 
To Improve a Piny Olu Field. — First belt 
the trees and cut down the bushes. The follow- 
ing year cut and burn every thing into coal 
which is large enough, and scatter the burnings. 
That which is not large enough for coal should 
be spread on gullies and galls; and this should 
be completed by the middle of March. Now 
mark off the ground with a coulter, sow oats 
(’and grass seeds, if you please,) and cover with 
the same implement. For the purpose of mak- 
ing equal distribution of the manure, and to 
avoid cost in carriage, the kilns should be placed 
at about fifty feet distant; and that they may be 
of about equal size wood should be moved as 
required. Or if there be a surplus, the wood or 
coal can be moved elsewhere. At fifty feet dis- 
tant, we have about eighteen kilns to the acre, 
which, if producing only one hundred bushels 
of burned earth and coal to the kiln, is one thou- 
sand eight hundred to the acre, which I would 
apply to the spot, and then comes the blessing. 
Old Flu. 
Southern Planter, 
Cement for Grafting. — Two pounds and 
two ounces of rosin, six ounces of tallow, and 
ten ounces of beeswax. Melt them together, 
and turn the mixture into cold water, and let it 
remain till cool enough to handle; then work it 
as shoemaker’s wax. "We have used cement 
thus made, and found that it remained on the 
stock for years. It is not so soft as to run in hot 
weather, nor so hard as to crack in cold weather. 
All of the ingredients for making this cement 
must be of a good quality. 
MECHANICS. 
“Out of nothing nothing comes.” 
The laws of nature, unlike human laws, can 
neither be changed nor evaded ; and for a want 
of a proper knowledge of simple and unchange- 
able laws many men waste time and money in 
trying to produce gieat effects by insufficient 
means. 
The mechanical powers, as they are called, do 
not,, and never can, create power; they only 
modify its application. 
The power most easity measured is that of 
gravity or weight; and it is the cheapest of all 
powers or first movers, when, as in the case of a 
water fall, nature constantly winds up the weight 
for us for nothing. 
Suppose, then, we have one thousand potmds 
of water falling ten feet in a minute. No hu- 
man contrivance can make that water raise 
more than its own weight to the height of ten 
feet in the same time. It cannot raise quite as 
much, for the friction of the macliinery must 
waste part of the power; but, as it may be a 
small part, let us omit the friction from these 
calculations. 
The effect of the mechanical powers is to ena- 
ble us, wdiile the original power remains the 
same, and the rate of its motion the same, to ex- 
ert a greater power wdth a slow motion, or a les- 
ser pow'er wdth a quicker motion. But, in all 
such cases, the power produced, multiplied by 
the speed with which it moves, wdll be found to 
give the same product. 
Thus, one thousand pounds falling ten feet in 
a minute, may be made to raise ten thousand 
pounds one foot in a minute, or one hundred 
pounds one hundred feet in a minute, the same 
pow'er being required in each case ; but no man 
can make it do more, for, if he did, he w'ould 
create nothing out of something, which is con- 
trary to a law of nature. 
For this reason, all attempts to make a me- 
chanical perpetual motion, have failed, and for- 
ever must fail, as such a machine would be 
equivalent to making a w’eight raise another e- 
qual to itself to the same height in the same 
time, and enough more to ov"ercome the una- 
voidable friction of the machine, which friction, 
how"ever small, is sooner or later to stop themo- 
tion, unless an additional powder is applied suffi- 
cient to overcome the friction. 
Therefore every man, w'ho is tr3"ing to make a 
perpetual motion or any other machine w"hich 
he expects to do more than the power applied to 
work it, is wasting his time and money in that 
which wdll be certain to end in disappointment. 
Farmer’s Companion. 
To Housewives. — Recent experiments in 
more than one family in this city, sa)"s the Del- 
aware Gazette, have established that the plant 
known to botanists as the PologomimpuTictatum, 
commonly called water pepper, or smart weed, 
and which may be found in great abundance 
along ditches, roads, lanes and barn yards, is an 
effectual and certain destroyer of bed-bugs. It 
is said to exercise the same poisonous effect on 
the flea. A strong decoction is made of the 
herb, and the places infested wfith the insect are 
carefully washed therewith. The plant may al- 
so, with much advantage, be strewn about the 
room. Elderberry leaves, laid upon the shelves 
of a cupboard, will also drive away roaches and 
ants in a very short time. 
Red or Black Ants. — Take a few sprigs of 
green wormwood, and place I hem in immediate 
contact with red or black ants, and they will dis- 
appear. I have found this to be effectual after 
using every other remedy within my limited 
knowledge. 
Another remedy is to sprinkle chalk around 
the places they frequent. It is said the chalk 
will cause them to make their exit, but I have 
not had occasion to prove it. — N. E. Farmer. 
Soak your Seed Corn in Saltpetre. — It 
destroys the worm, is not relished by crows or 
squirrels, and yields much more abundantly 
than when planted without. 
Peach Trees. — When bearing trees are 
planted in low places, the blossom buds are urg- 
ed forward by the warmth of day, and the in- 
creased severity of night frosts destroys them. 
But on hills, these extremes of heat and cold do 
not occur; hence they generally escape. One 
of the early settlers of Wayne county, near 
Palmyra, twenty-four years ago planted a peach 
orchard on a hill nearly one hundred feet above 
the average height of land ; and during tw^enty 
years since they first began to bear, he has lost 
only one crop by frost. — Cullivatm\ 
Mode of increasing the Potatoe Crop. — 
An English w"riter says, by carefully removing 
the buds as they appear on the potatoe vines, 
the crop of large ones is veiy^ much augmented. 
The theor}" is plausible, and worthy a f air trial. 
AUGUSTA MARKET. 
Tuesday p. m., April 4. 
Cnffua— Since our report of last Tuesday, our 
market has assumed a little more activity, but 
as holders seem unwilling to accede to the de- 
mands of dealers for lower rates, a large busi- 
ness has not been done. We quote 3| to 6 cents 
as extremes of the market, though the major part 
of the sales are made at to 5^ cents. 
Business . — During the entire month of March, 
the weather w^as extremely unfavorable for bu- 
siness operations, wdiich combined wdth the low- 
price of cotton, have materially effected the 
spring trade, and our dealers complain that al- 
though their stocks are vety fine the trade is very 
limited. 
Exchange continues at par on Savannah, 
Charleston and all the Northern cities. Central 
Bank bills are sold at 28 cent discount. Al- 
abama notes 20 @ 25 cent discount. State 
6 per cent Bonds are in demand at 50 cents. — 
There are no transactions in the bills of other 
depreciated banks, as there is no confidence in 
any of them. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
PAGE. 
Extract from H. Colman’s Address 
Comparative benefits of Manure turned un- ) 
der or spread on top; Hessian Fly; to wash > 
Woolen Goods ) 
Liebig’s Animal Chemistry 
Extracts from a Report on Horticulture; to ) 
destroy Bugs, Leaf Lice, &c; Extract from I 
the Address of James Rankine; Rearing of f 
Chickens; Candles-- J 
Editoiials; to Eradicate Corns; Culture of the > 
Sweet Potatoe ( 
Cure for the Poll Evil; Lime in Agriculture; ) 
Home Improvement; Table showing the ( 
number of hills of Corn, &c. in an acre of ( 
ground; to kill Lice on Cattle - - - - - J 
Tomatoes for Cows; Rouse’ s method of Spay- ) 
■ ing; to improve a Piny Old Field; Cement 
for Grafting; Mechanics; to Housewives; 
to destroy Red or Black Ants; Soak Seed > 
Corn in Saltpetre; Peach Trees; Mode of 
increasing the Potatoe Crop; Augusta Mar- 
ket 
33 
35 
36 
■37 
38 
39 
40 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR 
IS PUBLISHED BY 
J. W. & W. S. JONES, 
And will be issued every other Wednesday, at 
ONE DOLLAR a year, invariably in advance. 
The CASH SYSTEM will be rigidly adhered to, 
and in no case will the paper be sent unless the 
money accompanies the order. 
Advertisements pertaining to agriculture will 
be inserted for one dollar for every square of 
TWELVE lines, or less, for the first insertion, and 
SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS per Square for each continu 
ance. 
iJ’PosT Masters are authorized to receive and 
forward money free of postage. 
communications must be post paid. 
