16 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
tualj almo.-;t before lie could have thought there 
was time to .swallow. Such facts should always 
be couimunica.ted for wide airt'usion and preser- 
vation; in agricultui’al journals. — Am. Farmer. 
HLN'iS TO FARMERS. 
'A farmer should never undertake to cultivate 
more land than he can do thorohghly; half tilled 
land is growing poorer; well tilled land is con- 
stantly imjiroving. 
A tarmer should never keep more cattle, hor- 
ses, sheep or hogs, than he can keep in good or- 
der; an animal in high order the first of Decem- 
ber, is already half wintered. 
A fanner should never depend on his neighbor 
for vdiat he c;.n, by care and good management, 
produce on his own farm; he should never beg 
fruit while he can plant trees, or borrow tools 
Avlien he can make or buy them— a high author- 
ity has said the borrower is sen-ant to the lender. 
A fanner should never be so immersed in po- 
litical matters as to forget to .sow his wheat, dig 
his potatoes and bank tliem up in his cellar, nor 
should he be so inattentive to them as to be ig- 
norant of those great questions of national and 
State policy which rvill ahvays agitate, more or 
less, a free people. 
No farmer should allow the reproach of ne- 
glected education to lie against himself or fami- 
ly; if “loiowledge isporver,” the commencement 
should be earl}" and deeply laid in the minds of 
his children. 
A farmer should never use' intoxicating li- 
quors as a drink; if, while rmdergoing severe fa- 
tigue and the hard labor of the summer, he would 
enjoy robust health, let him be temperate in all 
things. 
A farmer should never refuse a fair price for 
anjuhing lie wants to sell; we har-e knorvn a 
man who haul several hundred bushels of wheat 
to dispose of, refuse eight shillings and six pence, 
and after keeping his wheat six months, was 
glad to get six shillings for it. — Far. Cahinct. 
TRANSL.ATIONS FROM THE GERMAN. 
Grapb Vine Cuttings. — T he superintendent 
of the gardens of the Duke of Weimar, em- 
ploys with SLicce.ss, the folloAA-ing method of pro- 
pagating the more choice varieties of wine and 
table grapes, by means of cuttings. He selects 
from among the stalks and branches cut away 
in fall and spring, such as are of suitable diam- 
eter — say from f to J inch — and have well ri- 
pened wood. These he cuts in pieces in mid- 
way between the buds, and splits each piece 
lengthwise, preseiwing the bud uninjured. The 
halves containing the buds are then placed Avith 
the flat side on a bed of Arell prepared garden 
"mould, gently pressed doAvn leA^el Avith the sur- 
face, and coA'ered with moss, or a la3-er of fine 
leaf mould. Thus planted, the cuttings speedi- 
ly strike root, if the bed be kept moist by occa- 
sional Avaterings, and properly shaded, Avithout 
obstructing the circulation of the air. 
Cuttings similarly prepared, though not split, 
readily strike root and produce vigorous plants, 
if their ends be dipped in melted sealing-wax, 
and the)" be planted in good garden soil, coA"er- 
ing them in to the depth of half an inch. The 
ground must be kept moist, and free from Aveeds. 
Gr.apting. — M. Schroer recommends using a 
branch of common Avillow, an inch or tAVO in di- 
ameter, in the folloAving manner, as a matrix for 
receiving the grafts of such variety if apple, 
pear or quince trees, as it is desirable to multi- 
ply. Make longitudinal cuts or slits through the 
branch, at equal di.stances of 15 or 18 inches. — 
Take grafts having two perfect buds, give the 
lower end the usual Avedge shape, using a keen 
knife, and insert them in the slits of the AvilloAV, 
making the loAver bud sit close to the slit. Then 
bury the branch in a trench formed in good gar- 
den soil of such, depth as will permit the upper 
buds to protrude just abov-e the surface of the 
ground-, AA"hen the trench is again filled. The 
ground must be watered occasionally if the sea- 
son be dr}", and weeds must be carefully extirpa- 
ted AA"henever they appear. In the spring of the 
following year, the branch may be taken up and 
cut in pieces, leaving a small portion to each of 
the growing grafts — Avhich are to be replanted in 
a nurser}-. The aviUoav does not form a peim.a- 
nent union Avith the grafts, but merely supplies 
nutriment till the proper fibrous roots are produ- 
ced from the loAver bud. 
Horse Shoes. — Many of the readers of the 
Cultreator are aAA"are that some Ia\"o or three 
years since, a patent A\"as taken out by Mr. Bin- 
tten, of Tro}", for machinery intended to manu- 
facture horse shoes. Circumstances prevented 
Mr. Burden from perfecting his plans at the 
time, and it has not been until lately, that he has 
found leisure to retuin to the subject. He has 
done if, hoAveA"er, and the result is that with hi^; 
machineiy he is able to produce a more perfect 
shoe than can be made in any other Avay, Avith a 
rap^idity Arhich may aatII a.‘-tonish those accus- 
tenred only to the fmmer sIoav and laborious 
methods. The regulating the .size of the .<=1100, 
pimching the nail holes, turning the heel coiks, 
forming and At-elding on the steel toe corks, are 
all performed by machinery, and Avith a perfec- 
tion and accuracy lire eye and hand are unable 
to attain. Free different sized shoes are turned 
out by machinery, thus securing a proper fit to 
feet of difierent sized horses, AA"ithout heating or 
other trouble. Mr. Burden uses rrone but the 
verybe.st Swedes iron, of consequence the qual- 
ity of his shoes Avill be first rate. 
There are probably A"ery feAv Avho liaA'e pro- 
perly considered the importance of the horse 
shoe manufacture to the country, or the quantity 
of iron consumed in tha.t product. The census 
gaA'e the nirrnber of horses at about four millions 
three hundred thousand. For the Avhole, it Avill 
not be too much to alloAV tAvo sets of shoes an- 
nually, wdiich at the ordinaiy w"eight of horse 
.shoes, Avould u.se at least tAventy-fiA"e thousand 
tons of iron and sf,cel. It is A"eiy probable the 
shoes of Mr. Burden will soon be found occupy- 
ing the market extensiA'ely, if not exclusiA"ely, 
and the e.stimate has been made that by their 
adoption, the co.st of shoeing horses can be re- 
duced one lialf An}" saA"ing of this kind Avill 
be extensreely and beneficially felt, and by none 
more so than by the fanner. — Culnvator. 
Pre.ss for Working oa'er Butter.— -Smooth 
as perfectly as possible a piece of hard Avood 
plank, 18 inches Avide and *24 long. On both 
sides and end, nail pieces of board, rising one 
inch aboA"e the .surlace. Near the open end 
screAV in a small ring-bolt, or Avhat is better, 
three; one at each corner and one in the centre. 
Let the ring on the bolt be one inch in diameter. 
Make abrake 35 inches long, 9 inches of which 
is for the handle. Let it be inches w"ide, Ij} 
thick; one edge made sharp, and the other roun- 
ded. On the end to go next the e}"e-bolts put a 
ring, and in the centre screAva bolt Avith a head, 
AA"hich will just slip through the eye of either 
of the ring-bolts. The bolts should be screAved 
into the plank, so that when the brake is at- 
tached, its edges Avill exactly fit to the surface 
the Avhole length. 
Need I say more? The rest is plain. GiA"e 
the end next you a .slight elevation; and by us- 
ing the brake as a braker does his, and by 
changing as occasion requires, all the milk may 
be Avorked from butter AA'ith a trifling labor. 
A marble slab Avould be preferable, as the 
butter Avould .stick less to the surface. A small 
w"ooden slioA"el three inches square, Avith the 
edges perfectly straight, should be at hand to 
keep all in place. James Bates. 
[Cultivator. 
Destruction of Moles. — The folloAA"ing re- 
cipes for diestroying moles, Ave extract from an 
Englisli Avork by Charles Fothergill, of Salisbu- 
r}", England. 
1. Make a paste Avith poAvdered liellebore 
roots, w'heat flour, and ground glass; place it 
near their holes to eat, and you Avill soon destroy 
them. 
2. IMake a miixture of brimstone, rosin and 
turpentine, put them into a horn Avith a narroAV 
neck; first enA"eloping the same in tar; .set fire to 
the toAV thus prepared; then in.sert the mouth of 
the hour into the buiroAV of the mole, and he u ill 
soon be .suffocated to death. 
AUGUSTA MARKET. 
[Reports of our Market. — in commencing 
this deparlment of the ‘-Cultivator,’’ we dtuiri 
it proper to remark, that in order to ici.dcr it 
most valuable to the readers, our infoimation 
will be always obtained from the most authen- 
tic .sources, and as Ave are not intere.sted in ar.}' 
department of trade, or in any bank, our reports 
of the market and the value of money may be 
relied on inipliciil}".] 
Wednesdaa’ a. m., March 15. 
Cuilcu — The maiket for the last Aveek haS 
been remarkably quiet, a.nd both holders and 
dealeis seem disposed to aAvait the aiiival ol 
later accounts from Europe, Avhich have been 
daily expected for the la.st week, before they op- 
erate to any eonsiderable extent. The prices, 
Avhich are almost nominal, range from Sf to Gf 
cents as extremes of the market — principal sales 
to 5^- cents. 
Trade, ifc. — The inactivity in tlie cotton mar- 
ket has materially influenced the oferatioiisin 
trade in eA"ery other department. The stocks of 
our merchants are, hoAvever, A'eiy" good, and 
what Avith the additions ncAV daily making. Avill 
soon be very complete, at piices unprecedeni- 
edl}' loAV. 
Exchange amd Alohey — Exchange is at par on 
ail points Noithand East of us. Central mo- 
ney ranges at 25 to 30 per cent discount. Ex- 
change Bank (4' BrunsAA-ick, the Phamix and 
Commercial Banks of Columhu.s, and theFIaAv- 
kin.sA'ille Eanlq ttre in very had odor, and gene- 
rally regarded by our most astute business men 
as unAA-oithy of credit. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
PAGE. 
IvlEuling in South Carolina 9 
Bommer’s Method of Making Iiiaimrc; to ) 
Destroy -Ants; Salt for Hugs } ^ 
Value ol Tlastei; Deep and SlialloAvPlouLh- ( ii 
ing- ' 5 
How to make a large Cotton Crop 1'2 
Cure for Foundered Horses; Lime for Fruit I 
Trees; Lime and Maish Itlud; Pruriiug;pl3 
Durable Rails ) 
Editorials; Improving Soils; Union County / 
Prize Association } ^ 
Product of Corn; Culture of Cotton; Irish / j- 
Potatoes, choice of Seed, Cultuie, &c.- • • ■ i ^ 
Hints to Fanners; Grape Vine Cuttings; j 
G'.aftings; Horse Shoes, Burden’s Patcin; 1 
Butter Press; Destruction of Moh-s; Au- j 
THE SOUTHEKN CHLTIVATCK 
IS PUBLISHED EY 
J . W . & VvL S . J O N E S , 
And Avill be issued every other Wednesday, at 
ONE DOLLAR, a year, ina-abiably in ada'ance. 
The CASH SYSTEM Aviil be rigidly adhered to, 
and in no case will the paper be sent unless the 
money accompanies the order. 
Advektisemente pertaining to sgiiculture Avill 
be inserted for one dollar for CAxry square of 
twelve lilies, or less, for the first insertion, and 
seventy-five cents per square for each continu- 
ance. 
fl^PosT MA.sTERsare nu'horized to receive and 
forward money free of postage. 
All COMMUNICATIONS MUST BE POST PAID. 
