THE SOUTHERN CUI.TIVATOR. 
07 
CONSUMPTION OF COTTON. 
A serie.s of articles in the course of publica- 
tion in the Boston Advertiser, addressed to the 
cotton manufacturers of Massachusetts, are re- 
plete with interest to that branch of industry, 
and contain much that is useful to the merchant 
and planter in reference to this great staple. — 
Without concun ing in the views of the writer 
in regard to prices, which it is considered “will 
decline below existing rates,” and for which va- 
rious reasons are assigned — most of them how- 
ever, contingencies, which may »r may not 
happen, we extract the following remarks upon 
the consumption ot cotton in Europe; 
“If the gross products of the nations of Eu- 
rope were as great as in this country — taxation 
as inconsiderable, and properly as equally dis- 
tributed among the masses ot the people as with 
us — why the consumption of cotton in Europe, 
instead of being limited as it now is, to about 
1,80J,000 bales, would be extended to 4,ltjG,Gtjii 
bales. The truth of that a.ssertion may be seen 
by taking the consumption of this country at 
‘2GO,()00 or 270,001) bales — which perhaps is as 
much as we now require, and adding to that the 
consumption of imported cotton goods to the 
extent of 80,000,000 or SH, 000,000 — and thus al- 
lowing the aggregate consumption 300,000 bales. 
The population of Europe is about 250,0(X),- 
000. If then our copulation of 18,000,000 con- 
sume 300,000 bales of cotton, it follows that a 
population of 250,000,0(X), having an equal con- 
sum'ng ability, would consume 4,106,006 bales. 
The consumption of cotton in Europe is ra- 
pidly increasing under the increasing industry, 
skill, economy, and the general prosperity inci- 
dent to a long continued peace. The average 
of our crops in 1820 and 1821, was 130,000,000 
pounds — and Mr. Clay, in one of his speeches 
in favor of converting cotton growers into the 
manufacturers of cotton and of other raw mate- 
rials, give it as his opinion on which he found- 
ed his arguments, that the world was too full of 
cotton — the consumption having reached its 
mai'iinuin. 
“We have reached ihe maximu/n of foreign 
demarul for our three great staples, cotton, to- 
bacco, flour,” &c. Thus said Mr. Clay in 1820, 
when our crops of that staple averaged for 1820 
and 1821, 137,000,000 pounds. The coming 
crop will not fall short, as is generally suppos- 
ed, of 9 10,000,000 pounds, and may exceed one 
thousand millions of pounds. 
It is true, as we hav'e contended, that produc- 
tion of cotton is in advance of its consumption, 
but the extreme low prices to which it will pro- 
bably fall if the crop^is as large as estimated — 
will first discourage cultivation to some extent 
in Asia, as far as European consumption is re- 
lied upon. Secondly, the fall in the value of so 
important and useful a staple, to prices far be- 
low those of any other manufacturing materi- 
al s which can be brought into competition with 
it, cannot fail to augment its consumption to a 
great extent. That, however, will not take 
place in season to sustain existing prices of the 
present crop, because an increa.sed consumption 
greatly beyond what has ever before been expe- 
rienced, will still leave a heavy surplus at the 
close of this year, far bajoiul that of anyforvur 
period. 
As to a “maximum of consumption,” it is an 
absurdity — since it implies that mankind are 
stationary, not only in their wants and in their 
increasing means of gratifying them, but in 
numbers also — whereas, .since the fall of Bona- 
parte, and the return to a general peace, the pop- 
ulation of most of the nations of Europe has 
increa.sed in a greater ratio than at any anterior 
period. 
Again, the means of con.suming cotton and 
of many other products, which, in a .state of 
war, are beyond the consuming ability of Eu- 
ropean population, have been increased two or 
three fold, and the longer the general peace is 
maintained, the greater will be the ratio of con- 
suming ability, not only of cotton, but of all the 
great staples of commerce. — MobU^ Register. 
THE COrrON TK.\1>E. | 
It will be seen by the quotations of cotton in 
the various prices current of the day, that the | 
range of prices is from Ij to Oj or 8 cents, cm- 1 
bracing the extreme limits. It is the fust time ' 
in the hi-story of this important staple that the ^ 
price has ever touched so low a point. During ' 
the embargo or non-intercourse of 1808 and 
I8t)9, and the war of 1812 and 1813, the prices 
never went down within one or two cents as 
low as it is at the pre.seni period. The follow- 
ing table, taken Irom Hutu’s valuable maga- 
zine, exhibits the value and price for the last 21 
years. 
Years. 
.Millions of lbs. 
Av. price. 
Vedue. 
1820 
100 
17 cts. 
27,200, IH)0 
1821 
180 
10 
28,800,0) M) 
1822 
210 
104 
34,0.50,000 
1823 
185 
11 
20,350,000 
1821 
215 
15 
32,250,0(H) 
1825 
255 
21 
53,.550,)M)0 
1820 
350 
11 
38,5)H),0<.H) 
Tot’l 7 
yrs. 
1555 
154 
234,075,000 
1827 
270 
fti 
27,7(H),(KK} 
1828 
325 
104 
40,025,000 
1829 
305 
10 
30,500,000 
1830 
350 
10 
35,IRK),000 
1831 
385 
9i 
35,012,000 
1832 
390 
10 
39,000,000 
1833 
445 
11 
48,950,000 
Tot’l 7 
yrs. 
2530 
10 
203,537,000 
1834 
400 
13 
59,900,000 
1835 
416 
104 
08,940,000 
1836 
455 
154 
07,802,500 
1837 
485 
154 
73.902,500 
1838 
525 
104 
53,812,500 
1839 
506 
14 
79,240,000 
1810 
880 
94 
83,000,tK)0 
Tot’l 7 
yrs. 
3777 
134 
487,117,500 
This is a highly interesting table. The 
grow'th since 1840 is not given, but that of 1 842, 
it is believed, will reach two and a quarter mil- 
lions ef bales. 
The increased growth of cotton, and the rapid 
reduction in price, are subjects of much specu- 
lation. If the cotton planters of the South 
could realize the average prices, ending 18-10, 
viz: 134 cents, what an immense difference 
there would be in the value of the crop. But 
reduced as it is to 6 or O4 cents, the difference i.s 
truly great. The fall however must, in the 
end, be less injurious to our Southern planters, 
than to the people of any other country, The 
upland cotton of this country is a favorite with 
the manufacturers, as they prefer it to any other 
short staple, o ving to its working more kindly 
in the machinery. Its low price will therefore 
go far to drive out of the European markets ev- 
ery other description. 
The low price of the raw matei ial both here 
and in Europe, will also affect the price of the 
manufactured article. Dome.stic goods, which 
have been selling at very low prices, will be af- 
forded .still lower. It is also understood that the 
manufacturers in this country have very light 
.stocks of the raw material on hand, conse- 
quently they will not be sufferers by the late fall 
in the price of this article. The export of do- 
me.stic goods is greatly increasing. The ex- 
port of cotton from this country to India, owing 
to low prices, i.s also becoming very considera- 
ble. — N. Y. Express. 
Book Farming. — Show me a thrifty, practi- 
cal and experimental farmer, and I will show 
you a man who reads works on agriculture, or 
who borrows his hints from a neighbor who 
takes agricultural papers. 
Show me a farmer whose fences are going to 
decay, whose half starved cattle are strolling 
over a brush field; and I will show you a man 
who, if he is not on the retrogade track, takes 
too little interest in agriculture to patronize an 
agricultural paper. — Farmers' Cabinet, 
EXFEKl.MENT WITH S.\1,T AS A MANURE FOR 
WllE.VT. 
In Johnson’s Agricultural C'hcmisiry, alrcadv 
inemioncd, are contained .-mne highly imponam 
expeiimeni.s on wheat tield.s, by W m. Memir.g. 
Mr. F. gives the result of eight ilitlerent kiiuls 
of manure on the eighth ot a Bcoteh acre of 
wheal. The two most important are, iSitrate 
of Soda, 80 lbs., Itajie Dust r> cwt. to the acre, 
which |)roduecd 240 lbs. of wheat, weighing 
024 Ibsjier bushel, on one eighth ot an acie. 
Common salt, 100 lbs. to the acre, jirodiiccd 
219 lbs. of wheal, weighing 024 lbs. per bushel, 
on the same quantity ot ground. While the 
same measure ot land, without any manure, 
produced only 90 lbs. ot whea', weighing Ol 
lbs. to a bushel. The salt is therefore the mo.M 
economical and productive manure u.sed by Mr. 
F. in his couise of experiments. 
Five bushels of Liverpiol salt to the acic is 
.said to produce great ctiect on any crops, cither 
of grass, grain or roofs. More than six have 
been tound to be injuriou-s sometimes. Theu^e 
ol .salt as a manure was early known by the 
Uomans and other nations of antiquity, but ha.s 
been little understood or practi.sed in modeni 
limes. It is somewhat exiraordinarj' that this 
important item in the cultivation of’ the earlli 
should have gone into disu.se on the sea coa.si 
especially, where the inexhaustible fountains of 
the deep are continually dashing their briny bil- 
lows at the feet ol the cultivator. But modern 
experience has denion.strated its usefulness, 
whenever it has been tried. 
It is also destructive to insects, the greatest 
enemies of the vegetable kingdom; and it it had 
no power as a manure, this alone makes it 
more valuable to the world, than all the preven- 
talives which the ingenuity of man has been 
able to discover against the innumerable hosts 
of these depredators, with which the earth Is 
infested. 
A thin sprinkling of green sea-weed, salt hay, 
sedges, or any other marine vegetable, on pas- 
ture, old meadows, or plowed land, contains 
sufficient salt to produce most suprising ellects, 
if spread so sparse as to let the grass grow free- 
ly through it, and to admit the rays of the sun 
to the earth. Like every other powerful, con- 
centrated manure, a liU Lei 00 much destroy.-) vege- 
tation for a lime. — Conn. Farmcr^s Gazelle. 
SI.\ REASONS FOR I’LANTING AN ORCHARD. 
BY EOkO.N HARK.S'ESS. 
1st. Would you leave an inheritance to your 
children? — plant an orchard. No other invest- 
ment of money and labor w ill, in the long run, 
pay so well. 
2d. Would 3'ou make home plea.sant — the 
abode of the .social virtues? — plant an orchard. 
Nothing better promotes among neighbois a 
feeling of kindness and good will, than a treat 
of good fruit, often repealed. 
3d. Would you remov e from your children 
the strongest temptation to steal? — plant an or- 
chard. If children cannot obtain fruit at home, 
they are very apt to steal it; and when they have 
learned t® steal fruit, they are in a fair way to 
learn to steal horses. 
4th. W®uld you cultivate a constant feeling 
of thankfulness towards the great Giver of all 
good? — plant an orchard. By having constant- 
ly before you one of the greatest bles.sings given 
to man, you must be haiSened indeed if you are 
not influenced by a spirit of humility and thank- 
fulne.ss. 
5th. Would you have your children love their 
home — respect their parents while living, and 
venerate their memory when dead — in all their 
wanderings look back upon the home of their 
youth as a sacred .spot — an oasis in the great 
wilderness of the world? — then plant an orchard. 
Oih. In short, if you wi.sh to avail yourself 01 
the blessings of a bountiful Providence, which 
are w'ithin your reach, you must plant an or- 
chard. And when you do it, see that you plant 
good fruit. Don’t plant crab apple trees, nor 
wild plumbs, nor Indian peaches. The best arc 
(he cheapest. 
