70 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
can speak in the highest terms. When proper- 
ly made, it is inodorous, and the application to 
crops easy, and the effect powerlul. I maile an 
experiment with it last season upon sugar beet, 
in comparison with bone dust, bone dust and sta- 
ble manure mixed, and stable dung alone. The 
beets manured with poudrette, came up quick- 
er, grew faster, and maintained a decided supe- 
riority to the last, making the largest and best 
beets; the quantity of poudrette was only a small 
train to each drill. I used it also upon corn 
with entire success. In this experiment I sub- 
jected it to a very severe test; I selected a very 
poor spot, put only one and a half gills to the 
hill as a top dressing, at the time of planting, 
and the result was truly astonishing, proving it 
to be beyond all doubt a manure of great strength 
and power, perhaps surpassing all others now 
known. 
It must in all cases be used as a top dressing; 
such is its strength when planted with seed, the 
germ is destroyed, and consequently does not 
come up.” 
In addition to the above, farmers and others 
who wish to prepare night soil, must be careful 
not to mix lime, or soil with a large proportion 
of lime, with it. If sods and earth of almost 
any kind were placed so as to absorb the excre- 
mentitious matters, and applied to crops in this 
manner, no doubt they would be much increas- 
ed. Liebig said, a pint of urine would produce 
a pound of wheat; w'e may safely calculate 
other crops would be as much benefitted. We 
wish to hear if any of our readers have experi- 
mented with night soil, and with what success. 
Comparative nourishmemt of different 
Vegetables. — If, as an article in the last Cabi- 
net, signed “Vir,” states, “the differences of 
opinion with regard to the value of root crops, 
as cattle feed, are indeed about as different as 
light is from darkness,” the follorving table, 
showing the comparative nourishment of some 
of the principal kinds of vegetable food, may 
possess interest. The table was formed by 
Boussingault, an eminent French chemist — and 
he tells us that he compared the result of his 
experiments wuth the practical experience of 
farmers in feeding cattle, and found “a most re- 
markable coincidence between the theoretical 
and practical inference.” The table is irom a late 
number of the Boston Medical and Surgical 
Journal, and is as follows: 
White French beans 100 
Yellow peas 120 
Farina of cabbage 148 
“ of carrots 170 
“ of wheat 175 
Wheat 191 
French w’’heat : . . 193 
Rye 200 
Farina of barley 212 
“ of potatoes ...225 
Barley 232 
Indian com 246 
Potatoes 1096 
Carrots 1361 
White cabbage 1446 
Tumeps 2383 
“Thus we see that 100 parts of white French 
beans are equivalent in nutritive power to 110 
parts of yellow peas — to 1 096 of potatoes, and 
2363 of turneps. A farmer, for example, in 
feeding cattle, would find that 420 parts of yel- 
low peas, would go as far in keeping up the 
strength and efficacy of his cattle as ^83 parts 
of tumeps. Or it would require more than 23 
bushels of turneps, or 2 bushels of rye, to be 
equal in nutritive power to one bushel of white 
French beans. 
These statements, it is believed, maybe reli- 
ed upon as approximating the truth; though the 
fact, that it should require nearly two bus&ls of 
wheat to equal in nutrition one of beans, may 
be a little too many. When farina i> given, as 
of cabbage, potatoes, &c. the meaning is, that 
the article was dried and reduced to flour, by 
grinding or otherwise. — Farmer's Cabitiet. 
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF DIFFERENT KINDS 
OF FODDER FOR CATTLE. 
A table of the comparative value of different 
kinds of fodder for cattle has been published by 
M. Antoine, in France, and is the result of ex- 
periments made by the principal agriculturists 
of the continent, Thaer, Gemerhausen, Petro, 
Rieder, W eber, Krantz, Andre, Block, De Dom- 
basle, Boussingault, Meyer, Plotow, Pohl, 
Smee, Crud, Schwertz, Pabst. It is unneces- 
sary to give the figures which each of these ex- 
perimentalists have set down, but the mean of 
their experiments being taken, there is more 
chance of the result being near the truth. Al- 
lowance must be made for the diffeient qualities 
of the same food on different soils and different 
seasons. In very dry summers the same w'eight 
of any green food will be much more nourish- 
ing than in a dripping season. So likewise, 
any fodder raised on a rich dry soil, will be more 
nourishing than on a poor wet one. The stan- 
dard of comparison is the best upland meadow 
hay, cut as the flower expands, and properly 
made and stacked, v'ithout much heating; in 
short, hay of the best quality. With respect to 
hay, such is the difference in value, that if 100 
lbs. of the best is used, it will require 120 lbs. 
of a second quality to keep the same stock as 
well, 140 lbs. of the third, and so on, till very 
coarse and hard hay, not well made, will only 
be of half the value, and not so fit for cows or 
store cattle, even when given in double the 
quantity. While good hay alone will fatten 
cattle, inferior hay will not do so without other 
food. 
100 lbs. of good hay is equal in nourishment to 
90 “ “ hay-made clover, when the blossom 
is completely developed. 
88 “ “ ditto, before the blossom expands. 
98 “ “ Clovpr, 2d crop, is equal in nourish- 
ment to 
98 “ “ Lucerne hay, 
89 “ “ Sainfoin hay, 
91 “ “ Tare hay, 
146 “ “ Clover hay, after the seed, 
410 “ “ Green clover, 
457 “ “ Vetches or tares, green, 
275 “ “ Green Indian corn, 
541 “ “ Cow-cabbage leaves, 
374 “ “ Shelter wheat straw. 
442 “ “ Rye straw, 
164 “ “ Oat Straw, 
153 “ “ Peas halm, 
159 “ “ Vetch halm, 
201 “ “ Raw potatoes, 
175 “ “ boiled “ 
339 “ “ Mangold -wurzel, 
504 “ “ Tumeps, 
276 “ “ Carrots, 
308 “ “ Swedish turneps, 
305 “ “ do do with the leaves on, 
54 “ “ Rye, 
45 “ “ Wheat, 
54 “ Barley, 
59 “ “ Oats, 
50 “ “ Vetches, 
45 “ “ Peas, 
45 “ “ Beans, 
64 “ ■* Buckwheat, 
57 “ “ Indian corn, 
68 “ “ Acoms, 
50 “ “ Horse chesnuts, 
62 “ “ Sun flower seed, 
69 “ “ Linseed cake, 
105 “ “ Wheat bran 
109 “ “ Rye bran, 
167 “ “ Wheat, pea and oat chafl, 
179 “ “ Rye and barley chaff. 
Lattermath hay is good for cows, not for hor- 
ses. The second cut is generally considered as 
inferior in nourishment to the first. New hay 
is not wholesome. At Paris, when a load of 
1000 kilos is bargained for, the seller must deli- 
ver — if between hay making and October 1, 
1300 kilos — and after April, only 1000. This 
is fair, and allows for loss of weight in drying. 
In London, a load of new hay is 20 cwt., of old 
hay, only 18 cwt. 
The dried half of the Tiifolium incarnatum, 
after the seed is ripe, is little better than straw. 
Clover, lucerne and .sainfoin, are generally sup- 
posed to lose three-fourths of their w’eight in 
drying; but in general they lose more, especial- 
ly in moist climates, where the sap is more di- 
luted. When touched by the frof t, they become 
very unwholesome, and should never be given 
to cattle except quite dry. 
Straw is, on the whole, but poor food, and 
unless cattle have something better with it, they 
will not keep in any condition; when given with 
turneps or other roots, straw corrects their wate- 
ry nature, and is very useful; cut into chaff it is 
very good for sheep when fed on tumeps, and 
when newly thrashed is as good as hay. By a 
judicious mixture of different kinds of food, a 
more economical mode of feeding may be sub- 
stituted for a more expensive one, and the same 
result obtained. The value of straw depends 
much on the soil: a very clean crop will not 
give so nourishing straw as one containing 
many succulent weeds. Peas and vetch halm 
are superior to straw, especially when cut into 
chaff; it is by some thought equal to hay. The 
same may be said of bean halm not left too 
long in the field, and cut before it is complete- 
ly dry. Buckwheat halm is of little value: it 
is thought unwholesome if given to sheep. 
16 lbs. of raw, or 14 lbs. of boiled potatoes 
will allow a diminution of 8 lbs. of hay, 
Turneps will feed store pigs, but they will 
not fatten on them. Carrots and parsnips are 
excellent for horses, and, when boiled, will fat- 
ten hogs. Ruta baga is liked by horses; it 
makes their coats fine, but must not be given in 
too great quantity, or it will gripe them. 
Feeding. — A certain quantity of food is re- 
quired to keep an animal alive and in health: 
this is called his necessary ration of food: if he 
has more, he will gain flesh, or gi. e milk or 
wool. 
Tin ox requires 2 per cent of his live weight- 
in l ay per day; if he works, he requires 2j per 
cent; a milch cow 3 per cent; a fatting ox 5 per 
cent at first; 4| per cent when halt fat; and 
only 4 per cent when fat; or 4i on the average. 
Sheep grown up take 3^ per cent ol their weight 
in hay per day, to keep in store condition. Grow, 
ing animals require more food, and should ne 
ver be stinted. — Jour. Royal Agr. Society. 
EXERCISE. 
Many people look upon the necessity man ig 
under of earning his bread by labor as a curse. 
But it is evident from the structure of the body, 
that exercise is not less necessary than food for 
the preservation of health; those who labor are 
not only the most healthy, but generally the 
most happy part of mankind. This is peculiar- 
ly the case with those who live by the culture 
of the ground. The great increase of inhabi- 
bitants in infant agriculture every where, evi- 
dently proves it to be the most healthy, as well 
as the most useful employment. 
Next to total abstinence from all intoxicating 
drinks, nothing contributes more to the preserva- 
tion of health than early rising and exercise in 
the open air in the morning, when the air braces 
and strengthens the nerves. Custom soon ren- 
ders early rising agreeable. 
Every person should lay themselves under 
some sort of necessity to take exercise. Indo- 
lence, like other vices, when indulged, gains 
ground, and at leng h becomes agreeable. — 
Hence many who were fond of exercise in the 
early part of life, become quite averse to it af- 
terwards. This is often the case with gouty or 
hypocondriac persons, and frequently when 
their diseases are difficult to cure. 
Indolence not only occasions diseases, and 
useless to society, but promotes all manner of 
vice. The mind if not engaged in some useful 
pursuit, is constantly in quest of some ideal 
pleasures. From these sources proceed most of 
the miseries of mankind. Certainly man was 
never intended to be idle. Inactivity frustrates 
the very design of his creation, whereas an ac- 
tive life is the best and greatest preservation of 
health . — Oracle of Health. 
