72 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
will instantly take place, o .vmg to the escape ol 
the carbv^nic acid. Tiie carbonic acid may be 
removed from they ley and rendering it fit for 
soap making, by boiling the ley with quick 
lime 
It the ley be strong, if it be rendered caustic, 
and if there be a suUicient quantity of tolerably 
clean fat, there can be little danger of success. 
The proportions should be about thirty pounds 
of fat to eight or ten gallons of ley. 
Had soap consists of soda instead of potash, 
united with fat; and is commonly made by add- 
ing common salt, (which consists of muriatic 
acid and soda,) to well made soft soap while it 
is yet boiling. The soda of the salt unites with 
the fat, and forms hard soap, while the potash 
unites with the muriatic acid of the salt, and se- 
parates by lalling to the bottom of the vessel. — 
Different degrees of hardness in soap are ob- 
tained by using potash and soda, at the same 
time in different proportions. Hence grease 
from salt meat has a tendency to increase the 
hardness of soap, unless the salt be removed by 
boiling in water. 
Soap of tallow is made in England, and large- 
ly in the United States, and is the best in com- 
mon use. When scented with oil of caraway 
seeds and cast into a mould, it is used for the 
toilet, and is called Windsor soap. Other toilet 
soaps are made with butter, hog’s lard, or with 
alraon, nut or palm oil. Sometimes fish oil is 
used for coarse soaps, as well as linseed oil; and 
rosin is often added to give a yellow color and 
odor. The following proportions, by weight, 
have been given fi'r a good yellow soap; tallow 
twenty five, oil four and a half, rosin seven, ba- 
rilla (soda) eighteen, settlings of waste ley, eva- 
porated and calcined,, ten, and palm oil one half 
part. 
Soaps are colored blue by indigo, yellow by 
tumeric, &c.; and marble or veined soa- s are 
made thus: to the soap just separated from the 
spent ley, new ley is added, and then copperas 
dissolved in water, red oxide of iron (or colco- 
ther) mixed with water is stirred in it by manual 
dexterity, and is so mixed as to produce the pe- 
culiar appearance. — Genesee Farmer. 
PREMIUM CROPS IN NEW YORK. 
Indian Corn — First Premium — 113 bushelsper 
acre. 
On the 22d day of Mav, 1843, I ploughed up 
one acre of green sward, for the purpose of plant- 
ing it with corn. After ploughing it once, I 
harrowed it well, lengthwise of the furrows. I 
then marked out the ground so that the rows and 
hills should stand precisely two feet apart either 
way. On the 25ch of the same month I planted 
it, and was careful to put precisely three kernels 
in each hill; when it was large enough, I hoed 
it, and continued to hoe it three different times. 
No other tool was used in the process of hoeing 
and cutting up the w'eeds, but the hoe; being 
very careful to keep the weet i and grass down 
as much as possible, and in hieing, to leave the 
ground as near level as possible each time. 
I permitted the com to .stand until it was fit 
for harvesting, without cutting or topping. 
Between the lOth and 15th of November, I 
began to husk if, and also to weigh the said corn. 
1 f jund the aggregate weight from the said acre, 
in the ear, 13,286 lbs. of a good quality. 
About the first day of January, 1843, 1 thrash- 
ed out all the sound corn that grew on said acre 
anl measured it in a sealed half bushel, and 
weighed it, and found that it fully held out 60 
pounds to the bushel, and it produced me one 
hundred and t-^entv two bushels of good mer- 
chan able com. My team and man were occu- 
pied one day in ploughing the said acre, half a 
day harrowing, 2 days labor planting, and six 
days hoeing, and six days harvesting, threshing 
and weighing. 
122 bushels com, at 37j cents $45 75 
Expenses 14 00 
831 75 
Samuel Phelps. 
Ira, Cayuga co., January, 1843. 
HOW TO COOK POTATOES. 
There is reason in roasting eggs, says the old 
adage, and there is not one in a hundred who 
knows how to roast them properly. Still fewer 
know how to Loil potatoes, simple as the pro- 
cess is deemed. We love a good, well cook’d, 
mealy potato, and all our readers, sensible men 
as they are, no doubt like the same tuber, but 
how often do we see the very best potatoes 
brought on the table, heavy, drenched, satuiated 
with water, and utterly unfit for eating. To 
prevent such atrocities in future, we copy the 
following from a poem of some length in the 
Southern Literary Messenger, devoted to teach- 
ing the art of planting and cooking potatoes. 
Army Navy Chronicle. 
Wash them clean and scrape the skin off. 
One water never is enough. 
Take the eyes and nubbins then off, 
^ And every little speck that’s rough. 
Do not let them lie in water, 
(So the nice observers say,) 
Not a minute, not a quarter, 
That will take the taste away. 
When the fire is burning brightly. 
And the water’s boi.ing hot, 
Sprinkle table salt in lightly. 
Then put the kidney in the pot. 
Eighteen minutes, sometimes twenty, 
Cooks them nicely to a turn, 
Some say more, but that is plenty, 
Every one must live and learn, &c. 
“The lollowing beautiful description of the 
person of Jesus Christ was found in an ancient 
manuscript, sent by Publius Lentulus, Presi- 
dent of Judea, to the Senate of Rome: 
“There lives at this time in Judea, a man ol 
singular character, whose name is Jesus Christ. 
The barbarians esteem him a prophet, but his 
followers adore him as the immediate offspring 
ol the immortal God. He is endowed witn 
such unparalleled viitue as to call back the 
dead from their graves, and to heal every kind 
of disease with a word or touch. His per-son 
is tall and elegantly shaped, his aspect amiable, 
reverend. His hair flows in those beautiful 
shades, which no united colors can match, fall- 
ing into graceful curls below his ears, agieeably 
couching on his shoulders, and parting on the 
crown of his head, like the head dress of the 
sect of the Nazarenes. His forehead is smooth 
and large, his cheeks without spot, save that of 
a lively red; his nose and mouth are formed 
with exquisite symmetry; his beard is thick, 
and suited to the hair of his head, reaching a 
little below his chin, and parting in the middle 
like a fork; his eyes are bright, clear and se- 
rene. He rebukes with majesty, counsels with 
mildness, and invites with the most tender and 
persuasive language. His whole address, wheth- 
er in word or deed, is elegant, grave and strictly 
characteri.stic of so exalied a being! No man 
has seen him smile, but the whole world behold 
him weep frequently; and so persuasive are his 
tears, that the multitude cannot withhold their 
tears from joining in sympathy with him. He 
is very temperate, modest and wise. In short, 
whatever this phenomenon may turn out in the 
end, he seems at present a man of excellent 
beauty and divine perfections, every way sur- 
passing the children of men.” 
Lime. — If any one doubts the paramount be- 
nefits of this article in any soil or situation, let 
him try half an acre, lime it well, and we think 
that in four or five years he will extend the ap- 
jilication. One well done is forever done with 
this great fertilizer. Who ever saw the ruins 
of a house, where the plastering and mortar is 
found, but has seen the rich strong grass, at all 
seasons, wet and dry'? What produces thisl — 
The fertility that gathers to the residence of man 
cannot thus last. Can it be any other than the 
lime in the mortarl Lime acts more decisively 
upon some soils than upon others, but limestone 
land is ever fertile w'hcrever found, and where 
it is deficient, if we add it, it will remain. It 
seems to act in the manures as a kind of condi- 
ment, preparing them for the appetites of ihe 
plants. A small portion of lime or alkaline 
matter is found in all vegetables, grasses and 
trees; lime supplies this, and hence the vigo- 
rous growth wherever it is found. It is much 
more advantageous to double the produce of one 
acre, than to work two acres for the same re- 
turn. Let us try this article. If we see no 
marked advantage the first year, and but little 
the second, doubt not: for it requires time to 
get this material fairly under way. But when 
it does act, its operation is steady and durable, 
and annually returns the cost of the applica- 
tion. — Farmer's Monthly 'Visitor. 
Remedy for Whooping Cough. — The Ten- 
nessee Stale Agriculturist says: — Take three 
cents worth ol liquorice, three of rock candy, 
three of gum arabic, put them in a pan of wa- 
ter, simmer them till nearly dissolved, then add 
three cents worth of paragoric and a like quanti- 
ty of antimonial wine. Let it cool and sip when- 
ever the cough is troublesome, and the cure is 
said to be certain. 
Appetite — A relish bestowed upon the poor- 
er classes, that they may like what they eat, 
while it is seldom enjoyed by the rich, because 
they may eat what they like. 
AUGUSTA MARKET. 
Tuesday p. m.. May 2. 
Cotton. — Since our report of last Tuesday* 
the inarket has been very active, and the ad- 
vancPprices of the week ending 25th ult., have 
been fully sustained, if not improved upon. We 
•bw quote 5 to 7 cents as extremes of the mar- 
ket — principal sales 5i to 6j cents; remarking 
that the market closes firm with a good demand. 
x^Exchange. — There is no change in the ate of 
Exchange, which continues at par. Central 
Bank bills range from 25 to 27 ^ cent discount. 
Alabama 18 to 20 ^ cent discount. State 6 ^ 
cent Bonds 50 to 51 J. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
PAGE. 
Mr. Foote’s Prize Essay, continued 65 
Consumption of Cotton; the Cotton Trade; 1 
Book Farming; Salt a Manure for Wheat; ^ 67 
Six Reasons for Planting an Orchard- • . • ) 
Reformation, or Bankruptcy among Planters 1 
in the Cotton States; to Farmer’s Daugh- > 68 
ters 3 
Treatment of Cows; Milking; N^ht Soil 69 
Comparative Nourishment of different kinds 1 
of Vegetable®; Comparative value of di:- > 70 
ferent kinds of Food for Cattle; Exercise - ) 
Splendid Berkshires; Cotton Seed for Cows; } ... 
Curing Sweet Potatoes; Soap Making- • • - U 
Premium Corn in New York; How to cook j 
Potatoes; Desciiption of the person of Je- 1-2 
sus Christ; Lime; Remedy for Whooping \ 
Cough; Augusta Market ) 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR 
IS PUBLISHED BY 
J. W. & W. S. JONES, 
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