90 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
those who hew the lowliest stone, as much as 
those who caive the highest capital, will be 
equally honored, when its top stone shall belaid, 
with new rejoicings ol the morning stars, and 
shoutings ol’ the sons of God. — C. jE. Becdicr. 
■Whether rich or poor, young or old, married 
or single, a woman is always liable to be called 
to the performance of every kind of domestic 
duty, as well as to be placed at the head of a 
family; and nothing short of a know- 
ledge of the details of housekeeping, can ever 
make those duties easy, or render her compe- 
tent to direct others in the performance of them. 
All moral writers on female character, treat 
of domestic economy, as an indispensible part 
of female education; and this, too, in the old 
countries of Europe, where an abundant popu- 
lation and the institutions ol .society render it 
easy to .secure the service* of faithful domestics. 
All female characters that are held up to ad- 
miration, whether in fiction or biography, will 
be found to po.ssess these domestic accomplish- 
ments, and if they are considered indispensable 
in the old wo: Id, liow much more are they need- 
ed in this land of independence, where riches 
cannot exempt the mistress ol a lamily from 
the difficulty of procuring sufficient aid, and 
where perpetual change ol domestics, renders 
perpetual instruction and .superintendance ne- 
cessary. 
Since, then, the details ol go.ad house keep- 
ing must be included in a good female educa- 
tion, it is veiy desirable that they should be ac- 
quired when young, and so practiced as to be- 
come easy, and to be performed dexterously and 
expeditiously. 
The elegant and accomplished Lady Mary 
Wortley Montague, who figured in the fashion- 
able, a.s" well as the literary circles of her time, 
has said, that “the mo.st minute details ol do- 
mestic economy become elegant and relined, 
when they are ennobled b}" .sentiment;” and they 
are truly ennobled when either Irom a consider- 
ation for a parent or love to a husband. “To 
furnish a room,” says the same lady, “is no 
longer a common place affair, shared with up- 
holsterers and cabinet makers, it i.s decorating 
the place where I am to meet a friend or a lover. 
To order a dinner is not merely arranging a 
meal with my cook, it is preparing refreshment 
for him whom I love. These necessary occu- 
pations, viewed in this light by a penson capable 
of strong attachments, are so many pleasures, 
and afford her far, far more delight than the 
games and shows which conistitute the amuse- 
ment ol the world.”— -ycnc/ig Lan’ins' Pricn>l. 
OnTHF. ClU.TIVATION op the li.\SPBERllY. — 
The plants are frequentl}" set out in light and 
poor soils, crowded together, left untriramed, 
choked up with a profuse growth of weak 
.stem.s, and what little Iruitthey produce is near- 
ly dried up, from the arid situation in which 
they are placed. On the contrary, in cool, deep 
and moi.st soils, in a sheltered and partially 
shaded place, the plants throw up suckers to the 
height of six o' eight teet, and produce a profu- 
sion of large, handsome, and well liovored ber- 
ries. So well assured are the most eminent 
English cultivators of the raspberry ol its love 
of a cool and moist soil, that some writers have 
strenuously recommended the use of bog earth 
and rotten leaves, in the place of the richest 
loam. Weare well assured that the mant'^m- 
plaints which are made of the meagre produce 
of many raspberry plantations may be attribut- 
ed wholly to the light and droughty soils in 
which they are often planted. 
A cool aspect is of material consequence, 
and to secure this the north side of a fence or 
trellis, which will Ibrm a screen from the sun, 
is the most favorable: on the north side of a 
shrubbery or row of fruit trees is also a suita- 
ble place. If neither of the.se situations is to 
had, an open spot in the garden may be chosen, 
always being careful to avoid the .south or east 
side of a fence. A temporary shade may be 
effected in the o])en garden by planting a row of 
running beans on the South side. — Hovei/a Ma^. 
CORN STALK SUGAR. 
It will be recollected that we published a com- 
munication in November last Irom Mr. W. C. 
Rogers on the subject of the manulacture of Su- 
gar from Corn Stalks. The letter below irom 
the same source lurther explains the process, and 
more fully describes the mill used for extracting 
the juice Irom the stalk : 
Cauedonia, Henry County, Tenn., > 
March 24, 1843. 3 
Dear Sir: I have received various letters ask- 
ing information about the construction ol Mr. 
Vaughan’s Mill for making sugar from Com 
stalks, the manner of cultivating the corn, pro- 
cess of manufacture, &c. To save the trouble 
of future enquiries, I send you this communica- 
tion, which you will oblige me by inserting in 
the Banner. 
The mill is composed of two upright rollers, 
one 58 inches in length, the other 4b, which are 
secured by a strong frame 8 feet long, 3 feet wide 
and 30 inches high; 17 cogs on one roller work 
in an equal number of cogs in the other, and are 
moved by a sweep; the short roller has a body 
24 inches long, 20 inches diameter, a neck piece 
at the top to be inserted in the frame 8 inches long, 
10 inches diameter, a cog space immediately un- 
der the top neck 6 inches long and 17* inches di- 
ameter, and a neck at bottom 8 inches long, 10 
inches diameter, making its entire length 40 
inches. The long roller is of the same dimen- 
sions, with similar body, neck piece and cog 
pieces, with the exception that 12 inches are add- 
ed to the top neck of the long roller for the inser- 
tion oft he sweep. 
In grinding, the stalks are passed by hand be- 
tween the rollers, and the juice is squeezed out 
on their passage. If not sufficiently pressed out 
on the first passage, they are returned a second 
time between the rollers. The juice is caught 
by the bottom piece of the frame, which is three 
feet wide like a platform and sloping on one side 
so as to make it i un out into a vessel placed there 
for the purpose. 
After the juice is obtained, it ought not to stand 
more than an hour for fear of fermentation. It 
is then placed over the fire and as it begins to 
boil carefully skimmed. W hen boiling the scum 
should be rapidly removed as it rises. 
If some of the syrup can be taken between the 
thumb and finger and when moderately cool a 
halt inch or inch long can be drawn, it is thought 
boiled .sufficient. If you wish only to make ay- 
rup it is not boiled quite so much. To make it 
grain into sugar a lew spoonfuls of limewater 
has been recommended. 
The only fixtures used by Mr. Vaughan in 
boiling were a common ten gallon pot and three 
other puts of about the same size. The process 
is neither intricate nor tedious. Com standing 
in the field may be cut, ground up and converted 
into elegant syrup in three or four hours. 
From the foregoing description it will be seen 
that the jirinciple upon which the mill is con- 
structed is the same as that of Mr. Webb’s ol 
Delaware, as described in the June number of 
the Albany Cultivator for 1812, with the excep- 
tion ol the dumb returner or third roller, which 
is not found in Mr. Vaughan’.s mill. The pro- 
cess of boiling and manufacture is the same. — 
Neither the plan of the mill or process is new; 
mills •fa similar description have been twedby 
planters in the lower part of Georgia for making 
sugar and rnola.sses lor the last twenty 3’ear.s. 
To Mr. Webbol Delaware, is, however, due the 
great credit of substitutingComstalks for canes. 
Is it profitable 7 is a frequent question. Mr. 
Vaughan thinks he can make .sixty gallons of 
molassess per acre, which, at present prices re- 
tailing in this neighborhood, would yield a pro- 
fit of 25 or 30 dollars. 
When the manufacture becomes common in 
the West, such is our unbounded capacity for 
making corn, of course the profits would be no- 
minal. But if only made for family u.se, it will 
be a great saving, and become, w'hen we get in 
the way of making plenty of molasses, an actu- 
al blessing to children and negroes. Three davs 
are sufficient to grind up and make 00 gallons 
of molasses, and the work will come on at a sea- 
son when the time can be easily .spared. The 
refuse juice is alone valuable for making a most 
grateful beer and good vinegar. 
As to making sugar, Mr. Vaughan failed in 
the last year, but w'ill plant 15 acres the present 
spring and “try again.” The supposed causes of 
his failure I gave you in ray communication of 
October last. 
The corn I had like to have forgotten to men- 
tion, is the common sort of corn, planted and 
cut in the same manner as any corn, with the 
exception of removing the shoots as they appear. 
Mr. Vaughan cut his corn as the fodder began 
to ripen, at which time he thought the juice 
would be most apt to be matured; of course he 
stripped off the fodder before he cut it. Cost of 
Mill, $G. 
SUGAR FROM CORN. 
To the Editor of the Ohio State Journal: 
Sir — When the fact was announced that corn 
stalks were quite equal to the cane for the pro- 
duction of sugar, it was natural to suppose that 
our farmers would immediately avail them- 
selves of so great a discover)" to increase the 
profits of their labor. But we find that nothing 
but occular demonstration will induce people, 
in such times as the present, to engage in any 
new enterprise, however feasible of promising 
beneficial resulls. It was with that view" 1 pmt 
up a mill last season for the purpose of making 
a trial on this .subject, and the issue of my expe- 
riments prove all that had been befi re stated to 
be true, and more, lor the fact was established 
to my satisfaetkn, that sugar, or at any rate, 
first rate molasses, may be made from corn 
stalks, after the corn has come sufficiently to 
maturity to be fed to swine. 
1 found that corn stalks contained va.stly more 
saccharine mattert ban I had supposed possible. 
The expres.sed juice indicated nine degrees of 
the sachrometer, and one gallon produced more 
than one pound of sugar, which is more than is 
usually made from the Cane. 
I obtained last season one hundred and fifty 
pounds of molasses, but only a small part of it 
granulated, owing to my letting the ears of corn 
ripen too fully on the stalk, or to an imperfect 
method of manufacture, or to both. But that 
which (lid not granulate was an excellent article 
for family u.se, of a most delicious flavor, and, 
as we found by experience, very Avholesome. 
I have no means of knowing how much .su- 
gar can be obtained from a given quantity of 
ground, but I do knorv that the product will be 
abundant, and I firmly believe that the time w"ill 
.soon arrive when this indispensable article ot 
domestic economy will be produced among us. 
The mill that I used to crush the stalks and 
extract the juice, w"as made somewhat like a ci- 
der mill — the rollers are eighteen inches in dia- 
meter, Gwo feet would be better,) twenty inches 
in length, made of wood and connected together 
with cog.s; the gudgeons at the bottom are made 
of iron, tw"0 inches in diameter. 
One horse turns the mill withea.se. A wood- 
en mill that any carpenter can make, will be 
sufficient for a 'whole neighborhood; but when 
the bu.Ane.ss is conducted upon a large scale, 
iron cylenders would be preferable. 
In .straining, clarifying and boiling the ex- 
pressed juice, I designed to follow" the directions 
of Mr. Webb, which have been so fully pub- 
lished that the)" need not he repeated. I made a 
mistake, however, and used too much lime, 
which is indicated in the sample I sent you. I 
am now of ('pinion that one spoonful of lime 
water of the consistency of thin cream is suffi- 
cient for a gallon of juice; this however can be 
best determined by experience. 
The boiling was done in iron kettles hung 
over a fire, out of doors, and I found much diffi- 
culty in the burning of the syrup on the sides < f 
the kettfes, by which a part was decomposed 
and became like wax, and this again mixing 
witli the whole mass undoubtedly tended to pre- 
vent cryslalization. Molasses may be made in 
this way, but for making sugar suitable boilers 
