s-aa-iJi-ArriaErjo'eTi 
128 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
means of powerful apparatus, he has been ana- 
lyzing soils with a view to applying the Lest 
means of lertilizing them, and has been learn- 
ing the means ol compounding by tueans ol 
chemical agents, the best manures. He be- 
lieves, (and other scientific men believe so like- 
wise,) that he has acquired the art of enabling 
farmers to manure their land at one-tenth tne 
ordinary expense of money and labor. His 
discovery has been patented, and he has recent- 
ly been employed in laying vats on the farms 
of Wm. M. Weeks and others, at Glen Cove, 
and is calculating to extend his operations 
widely.” 
Since the above was in type, we have had an 
opportunity of conversing with Dr. Valentine, 
on the subject of his researches in agricultural 
chemistry. He explained to us the substance 
used, and the manner of making his artificial 
manure. That it will prove a powerful fertili- 
zer, we do not doubt, and are glad to learn that 
its merits are being put to a practical test by se- 
veral farmers on Long Island, the result of 
which will in due time be made public. 
We have received a note from Dr. Valentine, 
setting forth the advantages to be derived from 
his discoveries, which shall have a place next 
month . — Albany Cultivator. 
FIVE HUNDRED REASONS WHY LAND SHOULD 
BE IMPROVED.j 
More can be cultivated with the same hands, 
because tilled with less hard labor. 
Briers and shrubs disappear, and grasses ap- 
pear, 
Cattle damage the land and grass less, be- 
cause they do not have to tramp so great a space 
to fill themselves. 
Less land required; less fencing. 
Less trotting alter cows and horses. 
Less work at the smith’s shop. 
Fewer whips worn out, 
Stronger teams 
More manure, and less need for it. 
A stimulus to action. 
A protectioR against winter’s frost and sum- 
mer’s heat. 
A good example to children and neighbors. 
Keeps off sheriffs and buzzards. 
Stops emigration. 
Produces money for books, and time for read- 
ing. 
Surplus time and money for erecting build- 
gs. 
Also school houses and churches. 
Produces time to travel, to lecture on econo- 
my and preach the gospel. 
Produces sociability and hospitality. 
Makes a paradise of a barren, plenty out of 
poverty, a blessing out of a curse. 
The barn is filled, the dairy is filled, the purse 
is filled, and the soul is filled with gratitude. 
If the reader will reflect, he will discover 
that the number of good reasons why the far- 
mer should improve his land, is almost innu- 
merable . — Albany Cultivator. 
Curious Result. — A friend has shown to us 
some scions, which he has just received froni a 
gentleman on Grand Isle, Vt., which produce 
apples partly sweet and partly sour. This sin- 
gular production was brought about in this 
manner. A bud was taken from an apple tree 
producing sour fruit, another from one produc- 
ing sweet; the two buds were neatly cut into 
halves, and a half of each kind joined together, 
forming a bud which was inserted in the stock 
as usual. 
We have often heard of this method of pro- 
ducing two distinct varieties of fruit in the 
same apple, but we have doubted it, and though 
our information appears to come now from n 
very respectable source, we are rather incredu- 
lous, though such a thing may be possible. It 
is easily tested and we hope the point will be 
seltled. Our friend thinks to test by getting the 
two kinds of fruit from the scions sent him, but 
whatever fruit they may produce will prove no- 
thing, unless there is proof ol their origin. We 
have seen of i;atiirdl fruit s eel and sour biiit 
in the stme a] pie. We advi.je him to be thor- 
ough in his ex] liment and begin with the 
bud . — Bos on CuL iLo'oi . 
TO KIJ.L WEEDS. 
Is there an\ manuic u.at vtill kill vseeds? is a 
question riut umrequendy • ru. "W ill nitiate of 
soda, or nitrate cl ammonia, or guano, or urates? 
1 hat such questions should be a.skeu, piuves 
one thing at least, that there is a general desire 
to knowiiow tt extirpate veeas. We wish we 
could add that they also indicate some acquain- 
tance with the muiments at least of vegetable 
physiology. 
VVeeds, l>ke other |. lants, have each iheii pe- 
culiar con.- tiiution, pi eler certain kinds of lood, 
amt perish on the application of others. We 
have .seen a pouna ol nitrate of soda adminis- 
tered to a fceakale plant without visible eflect; 
half an ounce would probably destroy a Rhodo- 
dendron. Common stable manure is ptejudicial 
to Cunherous plants, and in overdoses will kill 
them; an oak feeds greedily upon it. So it is 
with weed.s. Excessive doses of salt will de- 
stroy all ordinary vegetation, weeds included, 
but promote the growth of asparagu; in a most 
remarkable degree, thus proving itself to be a 
poison to one plant and a nutiitious food to an- 
other. But salt cannot be used in large doses 
to extirpate weeds generally, because some, like 
the asparagus, may flourish under its action, 
and most crops will certainly be destroyed by it. 
Professor Henslow succeeded in destroying 
moss and rveeds on gravel walks, by means oi 
c®rrosive sublimate, green vitriol, and blue v-i 
triol, especially the last. But corrosive subli- 
mate destroys every living form of vegetatioii, 
as well as the weeds; and the two sorts of vitriol 
have no permanent action, encouraging the sub- 
sequent growth of many sorts of plants, and so 
promoting the vegetation of weeds rather than 
destroying it. 
In practice, these chemical agents can only 
be employed for the destruction of weeds in cer- 
tam special cases, such as the asparagus, which 
thrives under doses of salt, which kills most 
other plants; or as tobacco, which feeds greedi- 
ly upon quantities of nitrate of soda, which 
would destroy any ordinary vegetation. In gen- 
eral, we must look to other means for ridding 
ourselves of troublesome weeds, and we .shall 
find those means in industry and common sense. 
The two separate are good things, but they are 
better mixed together. The plain and obvious 
rule is to pull wmeds up as fast as they appear, 
and while still in the state of seedlings. Then 
every plant that is removed is effectually de- 
stroyed, and leaves no young ones behind it. — 
Any boy, at half-a-crown a w^eek, can be taught 
to distinguish them, and if the plan is persevered 
in, there will very soon be nothing for the boy 
to do. Strict attention must, however, be paid 
to their thorough extirpation when young; it 
will not do to pull up almost all, and to leave 
the remainder to seed; for in that case the labor 
has to be all gone over again. — Gard. Chron, 
Salting and Preserving Butter. — We an- 
nex a receipt upon this subject, and will take 
this occasion to say, that we have no doubt it is 
a good one, though we should prefer one we 
have used and knoio to be good. The paragraph 
below states that butter, packed away as therein 
directed, will keep ten years. Upon this part of 
the subject we cannat speak from any know- 
ledge of our own; but with regard to the time it 
will keep, put away agreeably to the receipt we 
shall give, we are enabled to speak advisedly, 
as our butter was potted in the month of June, 
and was as fresh and sweet when opened for 
use, in the month of December following, as 
when first made, having preserved all its rich- 
ness of flavor. 
We took six ounces of fine Liverpool blown 
salt, four ounces of saltpetre, and six ounces of 
loaf sugar, and after pulverizing the whole, so 
as to make a fine powder, we incorporated it 
with the butter, after the buttermilk had been 
thoroughly woiked out, at the rate of ure ounce 
to the pound, then packed it away in stone jars, 
the tops of which we covered, first wiiii dean 
cloths, and then with bladders, so as ;■ com- 
pletely exclude the air. Thus tre;; tu v.hen 
fre.sh and well made, we have no hesiiation in 
saying, that butter would keep any 'emiable 
length of time, though we should be i nwijling 
to risk the opinion that it would keep, as main- 
tained in the receipt below, ten yeans. 
To Salt Butter — Beat well up together in a 
marble mortar, half a pound of common salt, 
with four ounces of powdered loaf sugar; to 
every .pound ot newly made butter, (the milk 
being well drawn off by beating,) pui an ounce 
of the mixed powder, incorporate it well; put 
the butler in pots for keeping. In about a 
month, not before, it will be fitfor use, and it will 
continue for ten years as good as butter newlv 
salted. — Am. Farmer. 
i::|=It is not by the exclusive cultivation of 
one faculty — however astonishing the result 
may thus be obtained — that a truly great mind 
can be reared; nor is it by the exclusive cultiva. 
tion of the intellectual powers, while tha of the 
moral feeling is neglected, that a truly .vr^atand 
good character can be developed. 
AUGUSTA MARKET. 
Tuesday p. m., August 2 . 
Cotton— Since our last report we have had a 
very quiet time in our cotton market .latil to- 
day, when sales xvere made of upw’aids of 400 
liales, at prices fully J cent lower than at the 
highest prices since Christmas. 
Mon y— Checks on the North cannot be had 
at any of our Banks at a less rate than i cent 
premium. Central Bank notes sell from 9 ® 10 
cent discount, and State 6 4 ?" cent Bonds at 
from 72 m 74 cents. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
page. 
Pure Berkshires; Improved Culture of Cot- ) , 9 , 
ton 5 
Smut in Wheat; Practical Hints; Spaying > ,99 
Swine 5 
Fine Wool Sheep; the Sunny Side; a Vete- \ -,90 
ran- \ 
Comparative Advantages ofHerdsgrass and > 19 . 
Clover 5 
Legislative Aid to Agriculture; Mildew in L 9 P 
■ Wheat; Seeds J ^ 
Rules for Breeding; Altering Colts; Analy- > 
sis of Indian Corn; an Incident; 5 ® 
>To Readers and Correspondents; the Irish I 
Farmer; the Great Agricultural Era Com- >127 
ing 
500 Reasons why Land should be Improv- 1 
ed; Curious Result; to Kill Weeds; Salt- > 128 
ing and Preserving Butter - • ............ 3 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR 
IS PUBLISHED BY 
J. W. & W. S. JONE S, 
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