136 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
Iroiii late com. Thrash the grain designed for 
fall sowing, to provide against loss ol time from 
cottuu-pickmg, when the seed will be wanted, 
and that you may have the straw to pack away 
with the pea-vines, if you intend to same them. 
Piepare turnep ground at once, if not done, a 
day or two extra work will not be missed 100 
years hence, and you will be well paid. Pro- 
cure Dale’s hybrid turnep seed, and sow on the 
15tn, rain orno rain, Sundays always excepted. 
Sow naif a pint of seed to the acre, any how, 
though old lolks say a tablespoonful is enough; 
I would rather have a pint cup full. Unless the 
earth be wet, or decided appearance of rain, I 
would advise covering by brushing in: the last 
seas m taught me this. 1 had more turneps in 
haii a-dozen rows, where brushed, than on eight 
acres' where harrowed in. The ground should 
be made fine by frequent harrowings and plow- 
ings, then a brush rather settles the earth to the 
seed. 
L'Ud peach-trees of this year’s growth, the 
best if well cultivated. Procuie buds from your 
neighbors, even if at a distance oi 10 to 20 
miles, to choice fruit; the same labor will grow 
a tree producing a delicious fruit, as one of 
those little tasteless hard things too often seen. 
About the middle of this month, cotton will 
have sufficiently ripened and burst its covering, 
to permit your hands to average some 30 to 50 
or 00 lbs. per day. When }mu can gather this 
amount get to ii; you will save much of that 
which has opened from rain or injury, by hands 
pa.ssing between rows. 0( en the t-ranches out 
to the sun, and a freer circulation of air caus- 
ing it to open sooner, and not to rot for want of 
the sun to open it, and you will be the better 
able to keep up with the opening. 
Top cotton early in this month, if not done 
the last of July. 
EXPERIMENTS IN MAKING SUGAR FROM CORN 
STALKS. 
The following, taken Irom the minutes of the 
transactions ol the French Academy of Sci- 
ence, we copy from the American Fa rarer. 
‘•A-tthe sittings of this body in September 
last, a series of reports and researches was sub- 
mitted by M. M. Biot and Soubeiran, on the 
suoject of making sugar from Indian corn. It 
seems that, as far back as 1834, M. Pallas placed 
before the Academy an account ol his having 
extracted two per cent of sugar — entirely like 
that of the sugar cane — from the stalk of the 
maize. M. Robiquet again reported upon Pal- 
las’ communication, suggesting thatthe greatest 
yield of sugar could probably be obtained im- 
mediately after the flowering of the plant, and 
that its quantity would be greatly lessened when 
the grain began to be completely formed. In 
1839, M. Pallas again communicated experi- 
ments as to the effect, on the saccharine quali- 
ties of maize, of removing the ear at several 
stages ol its growth. Upon this paper Mes.srs. 
Bouissingault and Biot again reported, point- 
ing out the defects of M. Pallas’ experiments, 
and indicating the proper method ol investiga- 
ting the matter. 
“We give this little sketch of the progress of 
this conversion of maize to the purpose oi fur- 
nishing sugar, as interesting to those who, in 
this country, are prosecuting the santie object. 
Monsieur Biot’s last paper is to the lollowung 
effect: 
“ ‘The stalks upon which they operated were 
taken from the Jardin des Plantes. Some of 
them had been separated from their heads, oth- 
ers had not. They report that the sugar of 
maize is precisely that ol the sugar cane, mix- 
ed, however, with a small quantity of sugar of 
fecula. The juice of the maize which had 
been castrated, contained per litre, 113 grammes, 
or 12 per cent of sugar; that of the non -castra- 
ted gave 124 grammes, or 13 per cent. These 
experiments prove that castration is rather in- 
jurious lhan otherwise, and that if maize is to 
be used for the purpose ol extracting its sugar, 
it must be in its normal state. Whether this 
new industry on an extensive scale would be a 
profitable one, is a question which, at the pre- 
sent moment, may be matter ol aispute; but 
there is one consideration in its favor, suppos- 
ing the productiveness of the maize to be such, 
if cultivated to the necessary extent, as to ren- 
der the cultivation of the beet root unnecessary. 
The latter must remain on the ground during 
the whole of the summer, and the moment of 
harvest is too near that o the wdnter sowing 
for corn, to leave time to prepare the ground lor 
receiving the new seed. Maize, on the contra- 
ry, runs through all the phases of vegetation in 
a few months, and it can be gathered in, as it is 
not necessary to leave it on the ground until it 
has attained to full maturity, and sufficiently 
early to have abundant time to prepare the 
ground for the winter corn s-^ed. M. Thenard, 
one of the members of the Academy, alluding 
to that part of the report of Messrs. Biot ami 
Soubeiran, in which it is stated that there is a 
small quantity of sugar of fecula nuixed with 
the cane sugar of the maize, observed that the 
beet root contains crystalizable sugar unmixed 
with sugar of fecular, and that probably the 
presence of the latter in the experiments made 
on maize, was due to the mode of manipula- 
tion, and that it does not exist nalurall} in the 
plant.’ ” 
GRASSES. 
The following are some of the general re- 
sults of Sinclair’s observations: 
1. Grasses which have culms with swollen 
joints, leaves thick and succulent, and flowers 
with downy husks, contain greater proportions 
of sugar and mucilage than those ol a less suc- 
culent nature. 
2. When this structure is of a light glaucous 
color, the sugar is generally in excess. 
3. Grasses which have culms with small 
joints, flowers pointed, collected into a spike- 
l.ke panicle, leaves thin, flat, rough, and of a 
light green color, contain a greater proportion 
of extractive matter than others. 
4. Gra.sses which have culms furnished with 
numerous joints, leaves smooth and succulent, 
flowers in a spike or close panicle, florets blunt 
and large, contain most gluten and mucilage. 
5. When this structure is of a glaucous color, 
and the florets wooly, sugar is in the next pro- 
portion to mucilage. 
6. Grasses which have their flowers in a pan- 
icle, florets pointed or awned, points ol the culm 
smooth and succulent, contain mo.st mucilage 
and extractive. 
7. Grasses with flowers in a panicle, florets 
thinly scattered, pointed or furnished with long 
awns, culms lofty, with leave.'^ flat and rough, 
contain a greater proportion of saline matter 
and bitter extractive. 
8. Grasses with long creeping roots, culms 
few, leaves flat and rough, flower in a spike, 
contain a greater proportion of bitter extract 
with mucilage. 
In the first part of April, 1920 grains of the 
leaves of the following grasses, affording to 
Sinclair the following proportions of n utritive 
matter: 
Meadow fox tail grass 90 grs. 
Tall oat-like soft grass 120 
S weet-scented vern al 52 
Round panicled cock’s foot 80 
Perennial rye grass 70 
Tall fescue 94 
Meadow fescue 96 
Crested dog’s tail 88 
Creeping soft grass 90 
Meadow cat’s tail [timothy] 80 
Fertile meadow-grass 70 
Nerved meadow grass 76 
Wood m eadow grass 68 
Creeping bent 42 
Rough stalked meadow grass 80 
Broad leaved red clover. 80 
White or Dutch clover 64 
Great bird’s loot trefoil 60 
Long rooted clover 76 
Lucerne 90 
The chemical composition of the grasses va- 
ries materially in the progress of their growth. I 
“I found,” says Davy, “in all the trials I made, | 
the largest quantity ol truly nutritive matter 
when the seed was ripe, and the le;;st bitter ex- 
tract and saline matter; most extract and sc line 
matter in the autumnal crop, and must .-accha- 
rine matter in proportion to the other it;giedi- 
ents in the crop cut at the time of 11 Acniig.” 
Johnson’s Farmers’ En(.-ycloj,a,dia. 
The Fort Gaines Whig of the T2th instant, 
in speaking of the growing crops in th:;t section, 
says: — Corn crops are now made, and so far as 
we have been able to learn, they are generally 
good, — fully an average one. Cotton looks 
promi.sing, but it is feared the late continued 
rains ma> cause it to rot; and we h;:ve already 
heard some farmers complain of its .shedding 
the farms, which will, no doubt, be the case 
generally, should the wetweathercontin re much 
longer. The cotton crop is fully one month la- 
ter now lhan of an ordinary year; so that, with 
circumstances altogether favorable from this 
time on, we can scarcely look lor an average 
crop. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
PAGE. 
Improvement of D >mestic Stock 129 
Increasing the Milk ol Cows 130 
The Milk Cellar; Effects of Acid Wood on 1 
Salt and Butte'; Convention of Breeders; > 131 
Cholic in the Horse ) 
Instruction in Agriculture; Farmer’s Suns; ^ .oq 
Lime a Stimulant j 
Wheat turns to Chess; Wheat and Chess;! 
Charcoal as a Fertilizer; Time for Mow- I loo 
ing Grass; Spurrey for Sandy Soils; Ef- [ ' 
fects of Soapsuds on Cabbage; t e Fa: ;n J 
A Fine Berkshire Pig; Bommer’s Manure; ) .04 
Agricultural Societies j 
The Economy of Farming; the Horse, a i 
Dirt Eater; Agricultural Fairs; Cure for ^ 135 
Bots; Work for August • • } 
Corn Stalk Sugar; Grasses 136 
THE BOMMER MANURE METHOD, 
W ^HICII teaches how to make ve- 
getable manure without the aid of live 
stock, in from 15 to 30 d ys, by a course of hu- 
mid fermentation set into action at a cost of rrom 
50 cts to $4. 
And also to make Compost in a few days. And 
hew to make a rich fertilizing liquid called “pu- 
rin,” having all the strength without the acrid 
qualities of urine. 
With the view of graduating the cost to the 
quantity of land upon which it may be desired to 
use the method, the following scale of prices has 
been adopted, viz: 
For Gardens of any extent 86 
Farms up to 100 acres 10 
“ from 100 to 200 acres 15 
“ “ 200 to 300 “ 18 
“ “ 300 to 400 “ 20 
“ over 400 acres in ahy one farm 25 
By the remittance of the sum here specified, a 
copy uf the method will be sent by mail or in any 
other mode proposed by the purchaser. 
All letters of inquiry must be post .jaid. 
ABBETT & CO., Baltimore, 
Proprietors of the patent right for the Southern 
and Western States. aug 16 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR 
IS PUBLISHED BY 
J. W. W. S. JONES, 
And will be issued every other Wednesday, at 
ONE DOLLAR a year, invabiably in advance. 
The CASH SYSTEM will be rigidly adhered to, 
and in no case will the paper be sent unless the 
money accompanies the order. 
Advertisements pertaining to agriculture will 
be inserted for one dollar for every square of 
twelve lines, or less, for the first insertion, and 
seventy-five cents per square for each continu 
ance. 
I^^PosT Masters are authorized to receive and 
forward money free of postage. 
O’ All communications MUST be post paib 
