THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
plied with hot w'ater. A good deal of care is 
necessary in raising the youngslers, as they do 
not prove very healthy. It is said they have to 
be taken care ol by the old hens for at least a 
month after they are hatched. 
From the American Eagle. 
Mr. Editor — The following article, which I 
find in an old paper published in 1797, 1 think 
will be read by many of your subscribers with 
interest — and 1 am sure that many of our citi- 
zens, both in the city and country, would be ben- 
efiUed by adopting somewhat a similar course 
ot reirenchment and reform. A Farmrr. 
CAUSE OF AND CUKE FOR =‘HAKD TIMES.'’ 
I proless myself to be an honest larnier, for 1 
can say that no man could ever chaige me .vith 
a dishonest action. 1 see, with great grief, that 
all the country is afflicted as well as myself; 
every one is complaining, and telling his grie- 
vances; but they do not tell how their troubles 
came on them. 1 know it is common for people 
to throw the blame of their own misdeeds upon 
others, or at least to excuse themselves ot the 
charge. I am in great tribulation; but to keep 
up the above character ot an honest man, 1 can- 
not in conscience say that any one has brought 
my troubles on me but myself. “Hard times 
and no money,” says every one. A short story 
of my.self will show how it came “hard times 
and no money” with me, at the age ol 55, who 
had lived well these forty years. My parents 
w’ere poor, and they put me, at twelve years of 
age, to a farmer wdth whom I liv'ed until 1 was 
twenty-one. My master fitted me out with two 
•Stout suits of homespun, four pair ot stocking.s, 
four woolen shirts, and two pair of shoes. 
At twenty- two 1 married me a wife, and a 
very good woman she w’as. We took a farm 
of forty acres on rent. By industry w'e gained 
ahead last; I paid my rent punctually, and laid 
by money. In ten years 1 w’as able to buy me a 
farm of sixty acres, on which I became my owm 
tenant. I then in a manner grew rich and soon 
added another sixty acres, with which I w'as 
coiuenL 
My estate now increased beyond all account. 
I bought several acres of outland for my chil- 
dren, who amounted t^ seven, when I was forty- 
five years old. About this time I married my 
oldest daughter to a clever lad, to whom I gave 
one hundred acres of my outland. This daugh- 
ter had been a dutiful, working girl, and there- 
fore 1 fitted her out well, and to her mind; for 1 
told her to take of the best of my wool and flax, 
and, to spin her gowns, coats, stockings and 
shifts; nay, I sufi'ered her to buy some cotton 
and make into sheets, as I was determined to do 
well by her. At this time my farm gave me 
and my whole family a good living on the pro- 
duce of it, and left me one year wdth another 
one hundred and fifty silver dollars, for I never 
spent more than ten dollars a year, which was 
for salt, nails and the like. Nothing to wear, 
eat or drink, was purchased, as my farm provid- 
ed all. With this saving I put money to inter- 
est, bought cattle, fattened and sold them, and 
made a great profit. In two years after, my 
second daughter was courted. My wife says — 
come, you are now rich; you know Molly had 
nothing but what she spun— and no other cloth- 
ing has ever come into our house for any of us; 
Sarah must be fitted out a little. She ought to 
fare as well as neighbor N ’s Betty. 1 must 
have some money and go to town. Well, wife, 
it shall be as you think best---I have never been 
stingy; but it seems to me that what we spin at 
home will do, 
Uow'ever, wife goes to town and leturns in a 
few days with a calico gown, a calamanco pet- 
ticoat, a set of stone tea-cups, half a dozen pew- 
ter teaspoons, and a lea kettle — I did not feel it; 
and I confess I w’as pleased to see them; Sarah 
was as well fitted off as any girl in the country. 
In three years more my third daughter had a 
spark; and the wedding being concluded upon, 
wife eomes again for the purse; but when „she 
returned, what did I see! A silken gown, silk 
for a cloak, a looking glass, China lea-gear, and 
a hundred other things, with the empty purse. 
But this is not all, Mr. Eaitor. Some time be- 
fore the marriage of this last daughter, and ever 
since, this charge increased in my family, be- 
sides all sorts of household furniture, unknown 
to us before; clothing of every sort is bought — 
and the wheel goes only lor the purpose of ex- 
changing our substantial cloth of flax and wool, 
for gauze, ribbons, silk, lea, sugar, &c. My 
butter which used to go to market and brought 
money, is now expended at the tea-table. — 
Breakfast, which used to take ten minutes, when 
we were satisfied with milk, or poiridge made 
of it, now takes my whole family an hour at tea 
or coffee. My lambs, which used also to bring 
cash, are now eaten at home — or, if sent to mar- 
ket, are brought back in things of no use- so 
that, instead of laying up one hundred and fifty 
dollars a year, I find all my h.cse money is gone 
— my best debts called in and expended— and 
being straightened, I cannot carry on my farm 
to so good advantage as formerly, so that it 
brings me not near so much; and fmther, what 
it cost me to live, (though a less family than 
heretofore, and all able to work,) is fifty or sixty 
dollars more han all my farm brings me in. 
Now, this has gone on a good many years, and 
has brought hard limes into my family: and if 1 
can’t reform it, ruin must follow — my land must 
go. I am not alone; I know of thirty or forty 
who have gone hand and hand with me; and 
they all say “hard times.” Now, Mr. Editor, 1 
do not know how you live — may be you are 
more frugal than we are, as all used to be; but 
1 am still master in my own house. 
I am determined to alter my way of living to 
what it was twenty years ago, when I laid up 
one hundred and fifty dollars a year. I know 1 
can do it, for I have got all my land yet; I will 
increase my sheep, my flax ground and my 
orcharding: my prudence brings (scarce as mo- 
ney is) as much as it used to do. Not one thing 
to eat, drink or wepr, shallcome into my house, 
which is not raised on my farm, or in the coun- 
try, except salt and iron work, for repairing my 
buildings and tools — no tea, sugar, coffee or 
rum. The tea-kettle shall be sold. I shall then 
live and die with a good conscience. My taxes. 
State and county, which appear now intolera- 
ble, wdll then be easy. My young children and 
my grand children will see a good example be- 
fore them; and I shall feel happy in seeing a re- 
form of abuses which have been growing on 
me for twenty years. If you will tell my story, 
it may work some good, and you shall have my 
lasting thanks. 
How TO BE Rich. — The secret is not in earn- 
ing, but in saving — almo.st any man can earn 
money, but few can keep it. A small sum is 
disregarded; yet a large one is only several 
small ones united; unless little ones are laid to- 
gether, how can there be a great onel 
Suppose a person save a cent a day — at the 
end of one year, he has three dollars and sixty- 
five cents — at the end of 20 years, one hundred 
dollars, including interest. How easy it is for 
a man to save a cent a day; how many can save 
ten cents a day — or thirty-six dollars and fifty 
cents a year — or about one thousand dollars in 
20 years, including interest'? 
He who spends seven cents a day upon some 
idle fancy— for instance, in drink, cigars, fruit, 
&c., should at the same time reflect that he thus 
throws away the interest of a dollar a year. — 
Are there not often occasions in the course of a 
day, when a person spends three cents, two 
cents, or one cent, which he might avoid, with- 
out feeling the worse for itl Then goes his ten 
cents a day — his one thousand dollars in 20 
years— the very interest of w^hich would afford 
him and his heirs, a clear profit of seventy dol- 
lars a year, Many grow rich by saving, with 
but very little faculty for earning; some old men 
who have always lived well, are very rich from 
mere saving, who did not earn so much daily, 
as their poor neighbors, — Maine Farmer. 
ibl 
From the 6. C. Temperance Advocate. 
Mr. Euilor—'Wie following w.is piepaieo lor 
the Newberry Agriculiun.l fet cieiy, in iiugust, 
1842, but ow ing to the ptress of other mattei.-, it 
was not read. I have to-aay acciuentaily laid 
my hands upon it. I send it to you tor the Ad- 
vocate. 
October 1843. 
The undersigned having intended to compete 
lor the prize lor wheat, but having, by seme 
strange mistake, supposed that ihe result ol an 
acre wms required lor tliat purpose, when in 
point of fact five acres should have been meas- 
ured, ascertained alone the product of a single 
acre. But as he thinas his crop was improved 
by the mode of culture, he begs leave to state the 
same, and the result, so l.iat if iheie be any 
thing of value in it, his brother farmers may 
have the benefit of it. 
The first week in October, eighteen bushels 
of Holland wheat, and tw o bushels ol Black 
Sea wheat, well saturated with blue stone, were 
sow n upon about twenty acres of land. Eiglveen 
acres liad neen in cultivation about eleven yea is. 
The other tw-o acres were very old land, h 11 of 
it was stiff red land. Upon the whole w'assuwn 
cotton seed, at the rate of about tw enty busticls 
to the acre, e.xcept upon the two acres of very 
old land; upon that was sow n about a wagon 
load of cotton seed; here the Black Sea wheat 
was sown; the seed of it was mixed and very 
inferior, having fir the two preceding years had 
the lust. The w’hole w’as plowed in and then 
rolled. In February, five bushels of slacked 
ashes per acre were sown upon the w heat An 
Acre of the Holland Wheat was selected and 
measured; it produced twenty bushels and one 
peck. The whole crop of Holland wheat w’as 
two hundred and three bushels, and that cf the 
Black Sea wheat iwenty two bushels. The lat- 
ter was not at all afiected by the rust. The rest 
of the crop was slightly affected by it. Wheth- 
er the exemption of the Black Sea w’heat from 
rust, this year, is to be ascribed to the large 
quantity of cotton seed sown, will require fur- 
ther experiments to decide. The value of the 
dressing with ashes w’as very apparent, and I 
am persuaded double the quantity per acre 
would answer still belter 
In December, I sowed a small quantity of 
W’heat, the toll of some ground for Col. Peter 
Hair. It was sowm in cotton ground. The 
greater part of the seed was rolled in wet lime 
so as to incrust the seed; as far as that extended 
there w'as not the least smut. Three or lour 
lands w'ere sown with the seed, without being 
rolled with lime, and they w’ere ful! of smut. — 
This little experiment goes far to show that 
lime is an antidote to smut. The w’heat grew 
vigorously, and made an ordinary average crop 
of W’heat for this section. I am persuaded that 
a little attention to the culture of w’heat will, in 
a few’ years, enable us to raise our average 
crop.s, from eight to twenty bushels per acre. 
John Belton O’Neall. 
Avgust, 1842. 
THE FARMER’S CREED. 
Let this be the Farmer’s creed — 
Of stock, seek out the choicest breed; 
In peace and plenty let them feed; 
Your land sow with the best of seed; 
Let it not dung nor dressing need — 
Inclose and dress it with all speed. 
And you will soon be rich indeed. 
Farmers’ Cabinet. 
Immense Product. — We learn, says the Na- 
tional Intelligencer, that Hill Carter, Esq., of 
Shirley, on James river, Va. reaped front 160 
acres, 5280 bushels of wheat, averaging 33 
bushels per acre! 'I'his is unequalled in Vir- 
ginia agriculture. His whole crop of wheat, 
on 270 acres, reached the large quantity of 8000 
bushels, being an average of nearly 30 bushels 
per acre. 
At Westover, the seat of John N. Selden, 
Esq., on James river, 100 acres of wheat ave- 
raged 30 bushels per acre; also a noble product. 
