1 ® 
191 
THl^ SOUTHERN CULTIVATOM. 
- — 77-^- — . 'T-r . --r . -; > -^r--a-— - r- , -n- , -- , T 
that encouragement which it deserves^ and that 
every planter in Geofgia will do his dtity and 
remit you hi& dolla.r^ 
I remalnj as ^Vdr; truly yoUrs, 
John BoNWEfti 
An llxPERiMENT.— We hadj says the Charles- 
con Rambler, the gratiHcatioti of being present 
on Friday, thd ^Oth ult., at the breaking in and 
tneasdrihg of an acre of corn at “©eddes’ 
tiall;” the piahtalidli of Capt. G. C. Geddes, 
of St. Andrews. It was cultivated as an exper- 
iment, as follows, on land exceedingly poor, 
and which would not, in the ordinary culture, 
produce more than 7 bushels per acre. The 
acre alluded to, was laid out in beds 5 feet apart, 
the seed planted in double rows, 20 inches apart 
diagonally — no manure was used before the seed 
was ill the ground. When the coin was 5 or 6 
jnehes out of the ground, it was manured with 
live cotton seed. As soon as the cotton seed be- 
gan to sprout, it was hoed and tnrned under. — 
When the corn was a foot high, it was again 
fed on the surface with well-rotted manure, 
from the lower layer of the cow-pen, well satu- 
*'ated with ammonia. The basis of the manure 
used, was salt marshland sedge. The single 
acre treated as above, produced 6S bushels. 
In the Southern Transcript, published at Al- 
exandria, La., we find an account of a pump- 
kin, raised by Smith W. Gordon, Esq., of the 
parish of Rapides, weighing 186 pounds. 
EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 
We give, says the Mississippi \ alley Farm- 
er, the following explanation of terms, for the 
benefit ol our j unior readers, and those young 
and inexperienced farmers who have not made 
themselves familiar with the technical terms in 
use among agricultural writers, 
1. Broaricast Husbandry — is that in which the 
grain or seed is sown by a cast of the hand, so 
as to be strewed equally as possible over the 
whole ground. 
2. Drill Husbandry — is that in which the grain 
or seed is sown in rows, by means of maehines 
contrived for that purpose, and the ground after- 
wards kept stirred and cleared of weeds by a 
kind of plow called the horse-hoe, hence some- 
times called the horse-hoeing husbandry. 
3. Convertible Husbandry — is when the ground 
is cultivated alternately in tillage and grass. 
This is much practised in some parts of the 
country, with wheat and clover. A field in clo- 
ver, soon alter haying, is turned up and sowed 
with wheat and clover seed. After the wheat is 
tak m off, it is once mowed, when it is again 
plowed up and sowed as before; thus the ground 
carries wheat every other year, and the interme- 
diate years clover. The term applies also to a 
succession of any kind of crops in which grass 
is comprehended as one. 
4. Trench Plowing — is running the plow 
twice in the same furrow. 
In doing this the top soil, with all its foul 
seeds, is cast to the bottom of the trench, and a 
new soil is thrown up, upon which the sun had 
never before shed its rays. It is done sometimes 
at one operation, by a plow constructed for the 
purpose, called a trench plow, 
5. -Horizontal Plowing — is so conducted, by 
the use of an instrument called “rafter level,” as 
to lay the sides of hills in horizontal beds, about 
six feet wide, with deep hollows or water fur- 
rows between, for the purpose of istaining the 
rains. 
6. Indigenous Plants — are such as are natives 
of the country in whieh they are found, or 
grow. 
Thus, maize, the potatoe, and tobacco, are 
called indigenous to America, having first been 
found here, and from America introduced into 
Europe. 
7. Exotic Plants — are such as are natives of 
foreign countries! 
Such as the lemoh trCej attd many others, 
when ihtrodueed ihto the New England States, 
and cultivated in hot houses. 
8. Annual Plants — are such as are of but one 
year’s duration. 
Such are most of our garden plants and all 
others growing from seed sown in the spring, 
which arrive at maturity ill the summer or am 
tumn following, producing flowers and ripe seed, 
and which afterwards perish both in their top 
and roots. 
9. Biennial Plants — are such as, in their roots 
at least, are of two years duration. 
Many of these plants perish in the top the 
first year, but live in their root through the win- 
ter, and the second year shoot up sialks, flower, 
produce seed, and afterwards perish both in root 
and branch. Such are the parsnep, carrot, &c. 
10. Perennial Plants — are of many years du- 
ration. 
Such are all plants, whether the leaves and 
stalks perish annually or not, provided the roots 
are of many years duration, as the horse-radish, 
burdock, «fcc. 
11. H:rba.ecous Plants — are those whose herb, 
that is, whose stem and branches are of but one 
year’s duration, whether the root be annual, bi- 
ennial, or perennial. 
12. Esculent Plants — are such as are replete 
with nutritious matter, consequently, proper for 
being eaten as food. 
Such as parsneps, carrots, cabbage, beet-s, and 
various others ol a similar nature. 
13. Umtoelliferms Plants — are all such as pro- 
duce their flowers on the ends of numerous lit- 
tle flower stalks or rays, nearly equal in length, 
spreading from a common point or centre, form- 
ing a level, usually convex or globose surface, 
somewhat like a spread umbrella, as the pars- 
nep, carrot, &c. 
14. Leguminous Plants — are those of the pulse 
kind, which, producing their seed in pods, may 
be gathered by the hand, as peas, beans, &c. 
15. Culmiferous Plants— 2 Lxe all such as have 
smooth pointed stems, and whose seeds are en- 
closed in chaffy husks or coverings. 
All the grains, and mo.st of the grasses, as 
well as many other plants, are of this kind. 
lA Deciduous Plants— a.ve all such plants, 
whether of the tree or shrub kind, as shed or 
loose their leaves in the autumnal or w-inter 
seasons. 
17. Tuberos Roots— •&re such as consist of one 
or more knobbed tubes, of a solid, fleshy sub- 
stance, as the potatoe, artichoke, &c. 
18. Bulbous Roots — are such as have a round- 
ish, swelling, bulbous form, composed of nu- 
merous scales or coats, as the onion, garlic, &c. 
19. Tap Roots— Rxe such as in the form of a 
tap descend down into the ground in a perpendi- 
cular direction, as the carrot, parsnep, red clo- 
ver, &c. 
20. Fibrous Roots— &XQ such as are wholly 
composed of numerous thready or fibrous part.«, 
such as the roots of all kinds of grain, 
21 . Radicals or Radicles — in botnny, are the 
small fibrous roots, which extend themselves in 
every direction in the earth for the purpose of 
collecting nourishment for the support ol the 
plant. 
22. Green Crops — are such as continue green 
while ripening their seed, or till taken off the 
ground; such as beans, peas, cabbage, carrots, 
turneps, &c. 
23. White Crops— .axe such as become bleach- 
ed, or turn white and dry while ripening their 
seed; such are all the various kinds of grain. 
All plants, while their leaves continue green, 
and especially such as have large leaves, draw 
much of their nourishment from the atmosphere. 
The green Cl ops, therefore, exhaust the soil much 
less than the white crops, whose leaves becoming 
dry receive nothing from the atmosphere, but 
draw all their support from the soil while ripen- 
ing their seed. 
MODEL FARM. 
Tbe British Farmers’ Magazine for January, 
1843, contains the following account of a model 
farm, eultivated chiefly by boys who are pursu- 
ing a course of education in scientific agricul- 
ture: 
“Perhaps the most successful example ol the 
capabilities of land, under proper management, 
in Ireland, and of the immense crops which can 
be raised, may be seen on the National Model 
Farm, under the Boatd of Education, at Glan- 
suevin, near Dublin. This farm, strictly con- 
ducted on the improved system of green crow- 
ing and house feeding, contains 62 statute acres, 
and there were on it, during the year, 22 head of 
cattle and three horses. It supplies on an ave- 
rage, ninety persons during the year with farm 
produce, such as milk, butter, potatoes and ve- 
getables of various kinds! and furnishes the 
farming establishment wiih pork, besides a num- 
ber of private families with the above articles. 
A considerable quantity of vegetables is carried 
to market, and all kinds vf grain, which is abun- 
dant. There is at present a crop of oats upon 
the farm, the produce of 14^ British acres. It 
is secured in eight stacks, and is estimated by 
the best judges to be equal to the average pro- 
duce of 50 acres. It stood perfectly close upon 
the ground, averaged 6 to 7i feet in height, the 
head and ear corresponding; the other crops, 
potatoes, turneps, Italian rye grass, &c. of the 
like quality. 
The manager conducts the farm on his own 
account; pays £256 7s. 8d. per annum for rent, 
besides other expenses, amounting in all to up- 
wards of XlOO per year; and we are informed, 
and believe, that he realizes a very handsome 
annual sum from it besides. He labors and 
manages it almost exclusively by a number of 
boys, agricultural pupils, and teachers, who are 
there in training in the science and practice of 
agriculture. As a test of what land is capable 
of producing, when brought to its highest point, 
there are few examples so appropriate as we 
have in this particular instance; more cattle 
kept and led, more human beings supplied with 
the common necessaries of life, more manure 
accumulated, more employment given, and, in 
fact, more money made on this spot of land, 
than on any other farm of the same extent (con- 
ducted on a proper scientific rotation of grain 
and green crop,) in any part of the empire, or 
the world. Did the average land of Ireland 
produce only one half of fhe value, according 
to quantity, that is on this model farm, we should 
hear no more of corn laws, tariffs, or want of 
employment among the people. 
EIGHT THINGS THAT DO NOT LOOK WELL. 
It does not look well to let the garden grow 
up to weeds, and then say that a garden is good 
lor nothing. 
It does not look well to have the gate without 
hinges, held up in the gateway by a prop in a 
“slantindicular” position, leaving at the bottom 
an aperture through which some hog with a 
convenient nose can rub, and so slip around 
into the garden. 
It does not look well for a man to thump and 
abuse his horses or oxen, just to try his whip; 
or to suffer his boys to do so. 
It does not look well to keep the horse in a 
stable not cleaned, till his hind feet are 45 de- 
grees higher than his fore feet, so that he is 
obliged to rear up to get himself on a level ev- 
ery time he wdshes to swallow a little hay or 
oats. 
It does not look w^ell to have the woman hang 
out the clothes on rough and thorny bushes, and 
tear them in getting them off', when a neat line 
would save that trouble. 
It does not look well for a man to keep six 
lank, hungry grey-hounds, when he can keep no 
cow or pig; and for no purpose but to worr}' the 
neighbors’ cattle, and annoy the neighborhood 
with continual barking. 
It does not look well tor farmers’ daughters to 
be always talking about piano playing and the 
Irillings of Signor Cantanini; w'hile they do not 
