20 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
tracis. d, and tlie govei nrnent of the country de- 
VoK eo upon the sansculotte of the city and town. 
Ataeis.n* let loose upon society all the bad pas- 
sions of the human heart; avarice, lust, revenge, 
envy, malice and cruelty, riotted upon the lives, 
property, rights and liberties ot her people. — 
Ttie stieeis f Paris become slipery with the 
blood of her people. Humanity and reason 
stood aghast, intimidated and silenced by the 
fierce cry of the infuriated populace. Thus we 
have seen a revolution, the most remarkable in 
modern times, for the want of this great preser- 
vative element, public virtue, terminating with- 
out accomplishing iny thing for the ameliora- 
tion of man. In fact, the example of the French 
revolution has been a drag-chain upon the spirit 
of lioerty, and has thrown back for a century, 
the march of free and popular institutions. 
I cannot permit the occasion to pass without 
adverting to an incident in the American revo- 
lution, ihut illustrates the strong attachment 
wnicu the pQ:?session of a home gives to inde- 
pendence and freedom. At the darkest hour oi 
the American revolution, when every patriot 
was almost despairing, the British General issu- 
ed the proclamaiion. offering freedom and pro- 
tection to all those who would come forward 
and subscribe the declaration of allegience, a 
person familiar with the scenes of those days 
Lys, “That even members ot Congress, men of 
worth and influence, many who had held office, 
in des.-aT gave up and subscribed the declara- 
tion; but that the men in the midule classes .stood 
fi 11 . And who con.stituied that middle class 
that stood firm in that event! ul add trying crisis! 
Tliey were mostly the small landholders! ’ 
It then becomes the highest duty ol the State 
toorferany inducement for the occupation and 
improvement ot the soil; to make, if practica- 
ble, every citizen a landholder; for if ever the 
politicrd institutions of this country are placed 
in jeopardy and peril by an enemy, either for- 
ei;ii or domestic, the great mass of landholders 
-will be the first to rally to their rescue, and the 
last to abandon them. 
Prkvkntiun of Smut in VVhkat. — At a late 
agricultural meeting in Sussex, Eng., John Ell- 
nian, Esq. related ti.e lollowing account of an 
experiment in preventing smut in wheat. He 
took lour sacks of smutty wheat, sowed one 
smk ol it with brine only, as strong as he al- 
ways made it, to be::r an egg as large as a shil- 
ling; he sowed another with lime only; he sow- 
ed the third sack with brine, strong enough to 
bear an egg, and then let it lay in lime all night; 
and the fourth he sowed without any thing.— 
The result wasas follows: where the brine only 
was used, every no wand then there was a smut- 
ty ear, still not many; where the lime only was 
used, there was much about the same quantity 
of smut; where the lime and brine was used, 
there could not be found a single smutty ear; 
and where nothing was used it was a mass of 
smut. 
Useful Recipe.— I send you below, Messrs. 
Editors, a receipt for making a composition 
which will render wood entirely incombustible. 
It is very simply prepared, and quite easy of ap- 
plication, being used the same as paint with an 
ordinary brush. A good coat ot it applied to 
the floor under the stoves would be an excellent 
precaution. 
Take a quantity of water, proportioned to 
the surface of wood you may uish to cover, 
and add to it as much potash as can be dissolv- 
ed therein. When the water will dissolve no 
more potash, stir into the solution, first a quan- 
tity of flour paste of the consistency of common 
painter’s size; second, a sufficiency of pure clay 
to render it of the consistency of cream. 
When the clay is well mixed, apply the pre- 
paration as before directed to the wood; it will 
secure it trom the action ot both fire and rain. 
In a most violent fire, wood thus saturated may 
be carbonated but will never blaze. 
It desirable, a most agreeable color can be 
given to the preparatiod by adding a small quan- 
tity of red or yellow QQ\aQ.— Buffalo Com. Adv. 
From the New Genesee Farmer. 
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS —SCIENTIFIC 
FARMING, 
The tollowing statements, from the N. York 
Tribune, afford a good illustration ot the im- 
portance ot scientific exj erimenis m agricul- 
ture, and the necessity there is that Experimen- 
tal Farms should be instituted for the purpose. 
In relation to the experiment with lime and 
charcoal, it is important that the previous char- 
acter ol the soil should be accurately under- 
stood; tor on some soils the.se substances would 
be of very little use. It is also important for us 
to know what is the difference in effect between 
the oyster shell lime and common stone lime. 
We apprehend it is not great. 
“We remember to have been much struck at 
the recent exhibition at Niblo’s, under the aus- 
pices of the American Institute, with the re- 
markably fine specimens ot cereal grains and ol 
garden vegetables, from the farm of Mr. Pell, 
and can now understand their marked superi- 
ority. 
“At a meeting of the Farmeis’ Club, Mr. 
Meigs stated that Mr. Pell, of Ulster county, 
made a statement at the Repository relative to 
his experimental farming, from which it ap- 
peared that he lound benefit from the use of 
oyster shell lime, using 300 bushels per acre. 
That in addition he had employed 25 bushels of 
charcoal per acre. That on this charcoal dress- 
ing he obtained, last summer, sevenly-ei§hl bush- 
els and tioenty-four quarts of wheat per acre. That 
he had 20,000 apple trees in full bearing. That 
in dry weather he had applied lime freely at the 
roots — found that this preserved the verdue and 
growth, when the neighborhood was much in- 
jured by drought. That he had cut wheat two 
or three weeks sooner than his neighbors; and 
when the root of the straw began to turn brown, 
and when, by the pressure of the finger and 
thumb on the grain, the milk would fly out.— 
That this wheat weished 64 pounds per bushel. 
That he sold it for seed at $1, when ordinary 
wheat was 87| cents. That he cut clover and 
housed it on the same day — sprinkling about a 
bushel of salt over every load. That tliis clo- 
ver retained its green color, and was preferred 
by cattle to that saved the old way. That he 
dipped a sponge in ammonia, and applied it to 
the worm nests on his trees, and banished them 
completely. That he has sent 4000 barrels of 
apples to market, many of which go to London, 
and there sell for $9 per barrel. That he em- 
ployed a man from Vermont to engraft 10,000 
apple trees, for $150; that this man brought a 
company of men, ot whom two sawed off the 
proper limbs, two made the proper incisions 
(two of them) in the branch, two more inserted 
the grafts, two more applied a compost of wax, 
tallow and rosin. That out of the 20,000 grafts 
not one failed.” 
Since the foregoing was in type, we found the 
following in the Albany Cultivator: 
“experiment with charcoal. 
‘^Messrs. Editors — I mentioned to you last 
spring, that I had sown 52 bushels ol charcoal 
dust to the acre, on wheat, and would give you 
the result of the experiment. In order that my 
promise might be fulfilled, I selected a corner of 
a 25 acre field of wheat, containing by survey 
two rods. The grain was harvested while in 
the milk, on the 17th ot July; thrashed, cleaned, 
and measured on the 21st, yielding 31 quarts and 
1 pint, or 78 bushels and *24 quarts to the acre. 
As the above tact may appear incredible to ma- 
ny wheat growers, 1 enclose the survey, and 
certificates of two of my men, who measured it. 
“I have grown cuttings of the Camelia japo- 
nica, soft wooded geranimus, cactus, wax plants, 
&c., in pure charcoal dust, without any admix- 
ture of earth; likewise corn, beet, carrot, and 
other seeds, and believe it to be the most valua- 
ble substance now known as a manure, being 
pure, incorruptible and lasting. 
“Yours respectfully, 
Robt, L, Pell. 
^^Pelham, UUter, Co., Nov. 20, 1843.” 
“I, M. W. Powell, surreycr, hereby certify 
that I have measured the ground herein desciib- 
ed, beginning at an apple tree, and running a 
northwest course 95 links, thence a southwest 
course 50 links, thence east 30 links to a line to 
the north angle, thence east 70 links to the place 
ot beginning; the line from the base to the north 
angle being 26 links, containing 2 rods, which 
is a portion of R. L. Pell’s wheat lot No. 2. 
M. W. Powell. 
Affirmed before me, on the 15th day of July, 
1843. M. M. Keller, J. P. 
We, Patrick Farrell and Leonard Latten, 
he-eby certify that we gathered, thrashed, clean- 
ed and measured the wheat grown on the above 
described two rods of ground, belonging to Ro- 
bert L. Pell, Esq., of Pelham, Ulster Co., and 
the yield wasSl quarts and 1 pint, dry measure: 
we believe if the gleanings had been threshed, 
there would have been one bushel. 
Patrick Farrell, 
Leonard Latten, 
From the Farmers Monthly Visitor. 
Qualifications of Farmers’ Wives. — A 
writer in the Visitor for May, speaks of the 
great importance ot females, especially the 
wive.sof farmers, being acquainted with all the 
duties of a domestic kind, and bestows high en- 
comiums upon her “who rises with the lark,” 
prepares sniiable food for her family, &c. My 
opinion perfectly coincides with his as to the 
importance of a farmer’s wife knowing, super- 
intending and assi.sting in her domestic du- 
ties, so that every thing be done as it should be. 
Yes: 1 would praise her for her skill in prepar- 
ing the hot cakes and early breakfast. Yet I 
would contend tor the superiority of her who, 
with neatness and skill performs her routine ol 
domestic duties with alacrity, in o der to spend 
a ten hours in useful reading, that she may im- 
part light and knowledge to those around her, 
thereby enriching her own mind, and the minds 
of her children, so that they may become use- 
ful members of society. 
Time is making vast ravages among those 
who take an active interest in the welfare of our 
country. Who are to take their places? Shall 
we look lor them in our large cities? Do not 
many ol their young men live in idleness and 
dissipation? Are they accustomed to that close 
application to study and business which is ne- 
cessary to discipline their ipinds and fit them 
for important places in government? Where, I 
say, are we to look for our future legislatois 
and statesmen, but among the sons ol our hon- 
est yeomen? 
And does not the formation ot their minds 
depend upon their mothers? Are not the first 
impressions the strongest and most lasting? — 
And are not those received from the mother? Is 
not the child taught the love of good and evil, 
and the love of God and his country, from his 
mother? Does he not imbibe her sentiments 
and feelings with the first dawnings of reason? 
How important, then, that she be intelligent, 
and that her sentiments be correct and her judg- 
ment good, 
The business of farmers require constant qU 
tention through the busy seasons ol the year; 
they have but little leisure for intellectual pur- 
suits, or instruction of their children, and the 
wile who spends some portion of her time in 
useful reading, and imparling the information 
thereby gained to those around her, does abun- 
dantly more benefit her family, than she could 
possibly do in raking hay or picking potatoes. 
We are craatures of imitation — monkey-like. 
If a child sees his mother take a book, he like- 
wise will take one. If she speaks of what she 
reads, he will likewise, and so imprint it on hjs 
memory. The influence ot such a woman is 
great. It will be felt around her, and it will tell 
upon a generation yet unborn. 
Women possess quicker sensibilities and fin- 
er feelings than men, and they have more lei- 
sure tor improvement. Let them improve their 
time to the best advantage, and we shall have 
an intelligent community. 
A mall’s mind is not very likely to expand or 
