VoL. II. 
AUGUSTA, GA., MARCH 6, 1844. 
iN O. «5. 
From the New England Farmer. 
EXTRACTS FROM Mr. HUDSON’S ADDRESS 
BEFORE THE WORCESTER AGRICULTURAL SOCIETT. 
Connection between AgricvMure and other Interests. 
“ Although agriculture is one of the earliest 
employments, and an essential ingredient in 
civilization, it is by no means an independent 
calling. Every human pursuit, like man him- 
self, is dependent upon its fellow. Agriculture, 
manufactures, and commerce, the three great 
pursuits of mankind, are equally honorable em- 
ployments, all conducive to the public good, and 
each essential to the prosperity of the other. 
Commerce could not exist without agriculture 
and manufactures. Unless the sails, the cord- 
age, the anchor, the ship itself, vvere manufac- 
tured, ho w could the ocean be traversed "1 W ith- 
out agriculture, how could the hemp be grown, 
the ship provisioned 1 And what is the cargo 
of the merchant but the products of the soil, or 
the fabrics of the workshop i Commerce is en- 
tirely dependent upon agriculture and manulac- 
tures. The ship could not be built without the 
mechanic ; the canvass could not float without 
the assistance of the plow. 
There is also an immediate and inseparable 
connection between agriculture and manufac- 
tures. The mechanic must furnish the tools — 
must manufacture the iqiplemems of husband- 
ry, or the labors of the husbandman will fail. 
The plow must be constructed before the furrow 
.can be turned j the scythe must be manulactur- 
ed before the grass of the meadow can be laid 
low. But what calls for the construction of the 
ploWj the scythe, or the sickle, but the warns of 
the husbandman 7 And what sustains the me- 
qhanic while constructing these implements, but 
the products of the soil! The mechanic or 
manufacturer could not subsist without the pro- 
duce of the farmer; the farmer must have the 
tools, the clothing, the shelter, furnished by the 
manufacturer or mechanic. Agriculture and 
manufactures are intimately connected, and 
whenever, by their mutual aid and succor, they 
rise and flourish, commerce becomes necessarj' 
for the interchange of their commodities. The 
man who, from undue attachment to either of 
these pursuits, would separate it from the oth- 
.ers, that it might stand ‘ alone in its glory,’ 
would show no more wisdom than he who, from 
partiality to one member of the human system, 
would separate it from the body, by which it is 
nourished and sustained.” 
'^ich should be the most numerous class, Agricul- 
turists or Manufacturers 7 
“But although these great callings are impor- 
tant to the country, and mutually beneficial to 
each other, to be productive of the greatest good 
.there should be a due proportion between them. 
Agriculture may be reganied as the parent call- 
ing. Upon the earth, as a nursing mother, the 
human family must mainly depend for susten- 
ance. The agriculturists, therefbre, should be 
the most numerous class. They are the founda- 
tion upon which all other laborers must rest. 
It has sometimes been a matter of complaint 
by the farmers, that so many of our young men 
abandon agriculture, and engage in other em- 
ployments. It may be truly a matter of regret, 
so far as the welfare of the young men is con- 
cerned, but the interests of agriculture are not 
impaired by this course. The profits of farm- 
ing must depend mainly upon the price of pro- 
duce, and this price will be regulated by the de- 
mand. Every one, therefore, who leaves agri- 
culture for some other employment, by ceasing 
to be a producer, and becoming a consumer, in- 
creases the demand for agricultural products, 
which tends to enhance the price. How, then, 
is the farmer injured! He sustains no pecu- 
niary loss whatever. The injur}', if any is sus- 
tained, is done to the calling into which they en- 
ter; fora surplus is there created, which, to 
that calling, may prore detrimental.” 
Importance of g Market to the Farmer. 
“ The great object with the larmer i.s, to find 
a market for his produce. It is to no purpose 
that he raises more than he consumes, unlesshe 
can dispos.e of the surplus. Ai;d who are his 
purchasers 1 Hot those engaged in the same 
pursuit with himself : they have generally 
enough and to spare. His purchasers must be 
found among the manufacturers and mechan- 
ics, the merchants and traders, and those engag- 
ed in other callings than agriculture. * * * 
Every thing which increases population, en- 
hances the value of the soil, and promotes the 
interest of those who cultivate it. The price of 
land depends materially upon its proximity to a 
market. Gq through the country, and you will 
see lands of the same intrinsic value, selling for 
agricultural purposes, at prices ranging from 
two dollars to two hundred dollars per acre, 
when the main consideration which affects the 
price is, their situation with reference to a mar- 
ket. Wherev'er or whenever a village springs 
up from manufacturing or any other cause, the 
price of land is increased for miles around. Hot 
only do the great staples of agriculture increase 
in value by the proximity of a market, buta 
thousand little nameless articles assume a value 
unknown before. Gardening is introduced, milk 
is disposed of at great profit, the summer and 
fall fruit, before nearly useless, now command 
a good price, wood is quadrupled in value, and 
even the stones are converted into bread.” 
Attempting the cuUivatwT}, of too much Land, 
“ The farmers generally attempt to cultivate 
too muchland. Thedisadvantagesarisingfrom 
this cause, are many and obvious. It is no ex- 
aggeration to say, that the lands cultivated in 
the county are capable, under a high state of 
cultivation, of producing twice as much as they 
now produce. This applies, we wdll suppose, 
not to the pasturing, but to the arable land alone. 
The farmer, then, in the purchase of his land, 
might save, say, one-sixth of his original outlay 
in the reduced quantity of his arable land. The 
sum thus saved, would enable him, in the first 
instance, to put his land in such a state of culti- 
vation, as would in a few years double his crops 
per acre. Hor would the annual cost of culti- 
vating an acre of land m this highly improved 
state, be materially increased. The cost of 
plowing, planting and hoeing an acre of ground 
capable of producing fifty bushels of corn, 
would be no more than though the land were on- 
ly capable of producing twenty-five bushels. 
* * Take the average of all the upland mow- 
ing in the county, and the yield will not proba- 
bl}' exceed ISl'O of hay to the acre. And three- 
fourths of this land is capable of yielding two 
tons to the acre. Let the farmers reduce the 
quantity of their grass land two-thirds, and they 
will find that, with skilful cultivation, they save 
one-half of the labor, and still obtain their usual 
quantity of hay. * * Let the farmer.^ of the 
county reduce the amount of their cultivated 
lands, take special care to increase the quantity 
and quality of their manure, and adopt a wise 
rotation of crops, and they will soon find that 
lands which nov.' ‘mock their scant manining,’ 
would soon yield a plentiful harvest, and richly 
repay their toil. Let iliem adopt the best sys- 
tem of husbandry, and this would prevent the 
emigration of our farmers to the 'SVest. They 
would soon see that the rugged soil of Hevv 
England, under skilful culture, is, when taken 
in connection with Hew England comfort, Hew 
England institutions, and a Hew England mar- 
ket, to be preferred to the more fruitful prairies 
of the "West, where the productiveness of the 
soil contrasts so fearfully with the domestic com- 
fort of the inhabitants, and the worth of their lit- 
erar}' and religious institutions. Who, that re- 
flects upon the s-ubject, would be willing to ex- 
change the comforts of a Hew England farm- 
house, and the refinements of Hew England so- 
ciety, for the privations of a log-hut in the wil- 
derness 7 Who would not endure the summer’s 
heat and winters cold common to our climate, 
rather than the burn and chill of the ague- 
fever 7” 
False estimation rf Agriculture. 
“ The first obstacle in the wav- ofagricultiiral 
improvement, which I shall mention, is the low 
estimate which has been put upon this calling. 
It has too often been regarded as an employment 
that requires nothing but physical power— mere 
brute force ; and consequently, if a young man 
exhibited any considerable degree of talent, he 
must be put to some other calling. The natu- 
ral tendency of this has been, to degrade agri- 
cultural labor, and to impress upon those who 
had any aspirations after distinction, the impoli- 
cy of groveling in the dust, as cultiv'ating the 
soil has sometimes been regarded. The effect 
of this has been to draw talent away from agri- 
culture, and to create an impression that the 
calling was not as respectable as seme others. 
Many a young man has been driven ifom agri- 
culture, and brought to ruin by this cause. And 
if it were not ungallant, I would say that some 
of our young women, faultless in every thing 
else, have been so far deceived as to prefer a 
husband employed in other pursuits than agri- 
culture. But the reverses which have attended 
other pursuits, will, I trust, soon teach them that 
the permanent home of the farmers wife is 
greatly to be preferred to the changing abode 
and variable fortune of many other classes of 
our citizens. * * Agriculture is no mean 
employment. It was the first into which our 
race entered, and it is the last which can be 
abandoned. It has commanded the attention of 
some of the wisest and best men of ancient and 
modern times. Cincinnatus, renowned in war, 
was not ashamed to follow the plow : and the 
estimate which posterity has put upon his worth 
is such, that the farmer has thrown the General 
into the shade. And in our own country, to 
mention but oneexampie, the FarmerofMount 
Vernon was the Father of his Country. Who, 
then, would disdain a calling pursued by the 
wise and the good— a calling essential to the 
well-being of society, conducive to public virtue, 
promotive of health and happiness, and one to 
which Washington was proud to retire, from 
one of the highest stations ever conferred by 
man. But modem discoveries have made ag* 
