THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
For ihe Souttiefn Cuiiivalb't. 
REPORT OF THfi COMMITTEE ON MA^JURES. 
OF I HE BOWLING GREEN AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETYi IN OGLETHORPE CO., GA. 
Your committeej to whom was rel'erred the 
subject of iftvestl atitig and reporting on the 
best mode of raising ahd apjalying mahures, 
acknowledge that their experience is so lim- 
ited, that they are entirely incapable ot doing 
justice to that important branch of Agriculture. 
Notwithstanding, we beg leave to report — 
Ist. That, to succeed in raising manure, we 
should find out ^hat are the different composi- 
tions that will ferment ahd decompose in the 
shortest time, and in the best manner; and our 
limited experience is this: to hawl upon our 
farm-yards corn and cotton stalks, leaves from 
the woods, weeds, roiton wood, &c., and spread 
them upon the yard — and then cover them with 
muck or dirt from a pond ; alter they have been 
sufficiently trod, dunged and urinated upon, 
which time must be regulated by the season of 
the year, it should be thrown into a pit prepared 
for the purpose, or in pens, taking care, after 
your heap is completed, to cover it well with 
muck or pond dirt, to prevent evaporation Your 
stables should be filled up with the same kind 
of litter except the muck, and cleaned out once 
a week; this system would make it more com- 
fortable for your horses, and prevent the loss of 
a great quantity ot urine. The quantity of lit- 
ter to be placed upon the barn-yards must differ 
in the different seasons of the year. ' In the 
spring, they should be six inehesdeep, the muck 
or pond dirt one inch deep. In the summer, ihe 
coat or layer of litter and muck should not be 
so thick, and trod not exceeding four w'eeks ; 
then raked up and thrown into the pit or pen. 
The reason for cleaning up in so short a time 
is obvious; it prevents the long hot summer 
day’ssun from burning it up, orkilling the drop- 
pings or dung of the cattle, and the evaporation 
of the urine, which we believe tube no little 
item in the preparation of manures. As the 
season moderates, the layers of litter and muck 
should be deeper and lunger trod. We are of 
opinion that the above preparation may be 
Ci.ntinued for Cotton, until the last of February, 
successfully. 
Your committee beg leave, now, to report up- 
on the application of manures. — In the first 
place, we rec^tmmend that the manure be placed 
in the hill or drill, as deep, if possible, as the 
clay or subsoil, immediately under the corn or 
cotton, or any other article, and covered wdth 
dirt previous to planting. If for corn, a very 
small quantity of dirt should be placed upon the 
manure: if for cotton, it should be bedded upon 
until the manure is covered from lour to six in- 
ches deep. The reason that we recommend 
placing manure in the hill or drill, is owing to 
the small q lantity that w'e have. If we had a 
sufficient quantity, by all meaRstbe system of 
throwing it broadcast is the true Aaricultural 
system. All seeds should be planted imme- 
diately subsequent to the applicalion of the ma- 
nures. 
in treating upon the subject of rnanures, cot- 
ton seed comes into the account, as it is known 
to be a great fertilizer. There seems, however, 
to ne as many conflii’ting opinions and modes in 
the application of cotton seed as manure, as any 
other article of iRanHr^, if not more. Some 
contend, (and all say from experience,) that the 
proper mode is to put the seed in the bottom of 
the furrow, after the ground is laid off, and then 
throw a small quantity of dirt upon the seed ; 
then drop the corn and coyer in the common 
way, savwitha plow or hoe. Qthers contend 
that the seed should be dropped upon the hill 
Immediately after the corn is planted, so ne say 
not until the corn is up, and then they should be 
placed round the < orn and covered with the hoe, 
which isa weeding or hilling lo the corn. Now 
ft follows, of course, that all these modes can- 
not be right; and, to know the proper mode uf 
applving them, it is necessary first to. kn.o.yr tl.^ 
fertilizing properties the possess, 
This, your committee believe, all will con- 
cede, is mostly contained in thin oily substan- 
ces; if so, the matter is at once settled, for this 
reason: oil is lighter than water, consequently 
in a wet liinCj or when the earth is full of water, 
the oil will rise, being lighlef than water ; and 
in its rising) it has to work its way through to 
the sufface; and in this process, the rootsof the 
corn receive its nourishment, Conseqtiehtly it 
should be placed deep enough to be below the 
roots of the corn. 
Your committee not being acquainted with 
the principles ofehemistry, nor that of analysing, 
delers any reference to them; but believes 
them connected with Agriculture, and do not 
believe that the trtie system of /igi iculture can 
be carried out without a knowledge of them. 
Your committee believe the practice of heat- 
ing cotton seed in pens or heaps, as is the cus- 
tom of the country, entirely at variance with 
the true mode of preparing seed for manure, as 
it is conceded that oil is the fertilizing property 
contained in the seed. You readily discover 
that heating the seed destroys a goodly quantity 
of the oil. To remedy this, we recommend 
that the seed be kepi dry under shelter until they 
are wanted for use; and then, withsome simple 
machinery, the seed be so mashed as not to 
sprout af ter they are applied as manure, and be 
applied in their green state. 
All of which is respectfully submitted lor 
your consideration, 
JohnW. Moody, Chairman. 
AGRICULTURAL FAIR. 
The Fair of the Bowling-Green Agricultural 
Society, will take place at the Bowling Green 
on Friday, the 4th of October next, w'hen the 
following honors will be awarded : 
For the best acre ol corn, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 21 honor. 
For the third best do., 3d honor. 
For the best acre of wheat, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the third best do., 3d honor. 
For the best acre of oats, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best acre of cotton, 1st h^mor. 
For the second best do , 2d honor. 
For the third best do., 3d honor. 
For the best Geoigia raised mule, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best si allion, Georgia raised, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best 3 yearcolt, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best mare, Georgia raised, 1st nonor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor 
For the best bull, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d hoRor. 
For the best cow, producing the larg-- 
est quantity of m,i|k, regardless of 
blood, 1st honor. 
For the best ewe, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best boar, 1st honor. 
; For the second be.'^tdo., 2d honar 
For the best sow, 1st honor. 
For the second best do.. 2d honor 
For the heaviest hog, from 1 toQy’rs 
old, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 9d honor. 
For the heaviest pig, from 6 to 12 
months old, 1st honor. 
For the second best do., 2d honor. 
For the best haiRe manufactures, em- 
bracing all ol lal»rios, Isl honor. 
For the second best do,, 3d honor. 
For the 'bird best do., 3d honor. 
On the above day, there will be an Agricul- 
tural Address delivered before the Society, by 
Joseph H. Echols, Esq-, of Lexington. 
Wm.Jkwkli., Secretary, 
IRISH BOTATQES. 
A well informed and experienced farmergays, 
in ‘he Gardener and Practical Fk>rist, that he is 
well satisfied that the productive power of seed 
potatoes is much diinini>hed by suffering them 
to became ovar ripe, and he gives good i:eng, 9 .ns 
for his belief. He digs the potatoes belore the 
vines are dead, and places those intended for 
seed in pits dug in a shady^ airy situation, not 
more than sis bushels it! a pit, doVerS them with 
strawj and theh with earth two to three feet. In 
greater bulk they may ferment. He says that 
the great error is late planting and late harvest- 
ing: all kinds should be planted very early, and 
all should be dug as soon as the growth is com- 
pleted, 
From the Southern Planter. 
IMPROVEMENT OF WORN-OUT LANDS. 
From a very intelligent traveller, whose ac- 
quaintance we happened to make as he was 
passing through our city, we have received the 
following communication ; 
FAVEfTEVibLB, Cumberland do., N; d, 
C. T. Botts, Esq. 
Dear Sir, — In passing through parts of Vir^ 
ginia and North Carolina, I was much surprised 
to see large fields lying waste, which I was in- 
formed had been abandoned as “ worn out,’* 
whilst the proprietor had substituted new grounds 
for them, at all the expense and inconvenience 
of a new home and a new clearing. Beside the 
sacred and endearing associations which usually 
cluster around the ancient homestead, a great 
pecuniary loss must be sustained in the pursuit 
of this system. It would see n that one-half of 
the time and labor required to lit a new farm of 
the crop, would restore the old one. A plan lor 
the imp'overaent of old lands is very success- 
fully practised at the North, which, it appears to 
me, would be applicable here. It is as follows ; 
Procure as many bushels of buckwheat as 
there may be acres to improve, and as soon as 
the spring opens, plow the fields deep and sow 
the buckwheat broadcast, and harrow it in. — 
This on the very pool est lands at the North will 
yield a quick and luxuriant growth. 
As soon as the crop is in full blossom, (unless 
it has grown so rank as to have lodged ol itself,) 
flatten it to the ground by the use of a roller, 
followed immediately by the plow, which shall 
whirl it under. Sow again another bushel to 
the acre upon the unturned soil, rake it in, and 
as belore, turn it under. Th«H sow the seed of 
the largest kind of red clover, which should be 
suffered to grow to maturity, then to be tram- 
pled down and eaten off by stock. To all these 
crops, one bushel ol plaster per acre, applied 
when they are about one-fourth grown, will vast- 
ly increase the amount of vegetable matter, and 
will also secure a more extended fermentation. 
At the end of the second year, all lands thus 
treated, will be restored to their original fertilU 
tv. At least, I know from experience fhat such 
has been the effect in the more northeyn sections 
ol the Union, and I do not see why the same re^ 
suit should not follow at the South. 
A Northern Farmer. 
Simple MODE of Purifying Water.— It is 
not so generally known as it ought to be, lhaf 
pounded alum possesses the property of purify- 
ing water, A table spoonful of pul verizedalumj 
sprinkled into a hogshead of water, (the water 
stirred at the time,) will after a lapse of a 
hours, by precipitating to tfte bottom the im- 
pure particles, so purify it that it will be found 
lo possess nearly all the freshness and clearness 
of the finest spring water. A pail full, contain- 
ing four gallons, may be purified by a single tea-= 
spoon full. 
Cotton Manufactory in C iNCiNNATi.-r-Tha 
Cincinnati Atlas says that a manufactory fox 
the fabrication of cotton goods is soon to go into 
operation in that city, under the auspices of 
three of its most enterprising and respectable 
citizens, whose known produce is a sufiicient 
guaranty that they have examined the whole 
ground apd arq sure of success. The Atlas hails 
this as au era in the prosperity of the “Q,ueen 
City” oi the West. 
r^In cultivating the eauh, the condition of 
man’s success is his industry upon it. In rais- 
in®- domestic animals, the condition of his sue-* 
9 eas is ^indnessund benevolence to fhem, 
