116 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
them, which, however, vvoald quickly give way 
to conviction. Ruggles, Nourse & Mason’s 
plow, is a very large and heavy implement,! my 
objection to which 1 will give presently, jr 
turned over a regular lurrow of from 12 to 13 
inches, by 6^ inches; while the two others that 
w^ere tried turned only about 8 to 9, by from 4 to 
7 inches. In m.y opinion the teams did 'not ex- 
ert themselves more with the eagle plow than 
with the other.?, and the hand had not half the 
work to do — then see thedift'erence in the amount 
of work done. The ground was very dry, and 
had been much trodden, yet the eagle plow laid 
it neatl}'' over, covering up the weeds complete- 
ly, and leaving the ground well pulverized, and 
ready lor any kind of crop; while the other 
plows ran very unsteadily, giving the plowman 
much to do, and turning over a very irregular 
furrow, throwing up the ground in large clods, 
gougino; them out, as it were. Wood’s plow 
has been many years in use here, and gives uni- 
versal satisfaction, doing excellent work when 
the ground is in lair order; and they are light, 
strong and cheap, co.sting ^6, to 7 and S8. But 
when brought beside this excellent Boston plow 
of Ruggles, Nourse & Mason’s, it was complete- 
ly left behind, so much so, as to open the eyes 
of all present. One ol the committee remarked, 
that though he had been a farmer all his life, he 
had learned more of plows and plowing during 
these two houis than he ever knew before ! 
There is no necessity for our plows and other 
implements being so strong and heavy as with 
you— we have no stones. Then our teams are 
lighter — the v.'eather greatly hotter, so that ani- 
mals cannot stand so much. AVe are almost all 
too short of team, and of consequence have, at 
times, to work them too many hours. But I will 
go more at length into this matter in an article I 
have nearly ready for you, on Implements for the 
South, with rough sketches ef some of my im- 
provements. Our plows, however, want length 
to give them steadiness. 
Let Ruggles, Nourse & Mason, and others of 
your best makers, including Prouty & Mears, 
and Barnaby & Mooer, send to our Fall Show 
some plows made for the South, anil such as 
they can furnish us with here at fair rates, (my 
side-hill plow cost me here ^18,50, Ruggles & 
Co.’s, with coulter and wheel, $13,) and they 
will open up for themselves a good market. 
AVe are tired of sending for implements without 
first seeing them. If they will forward them 
from Boston, they will come to the society free 
of charge, (see report.) Let them consign them 
to AVm. I. Minor, Esq., ourPresident, and have 
them reach us by the middle of October, and 
they shall all have a lair trial, and will after- 
ward be sold by the society, and the money re- 
mitted to the owners, or disposed of otherwise 
as may be ordered. Istheie no possibility ol 
sending us a correct dynamometer at the same 
time? If there is, let me know the cost, and the 
society, or some of its members will remit you 
in time to send us one. 
If the owners of the plows so desire it, they 
will be forwarded to Shows in the adjoining 
counties of Jefferson and AVllkinson, and exhib- 
ited there also. 
Thomas Affleck. 
Ingleside, Miss., '^‘Ith April, 1844. 
MODE OF APPLYING GUANO. 
Having prepared the accompanying direc- 
tions for using Guano, for the information of 
Sir Charles Lemon’s tenantry, it has occurred 
to me that their publication may be of service 
to others : 
1. It should never be applied in contact with 
seeds, as it kills them as soon as they begin to 
vegetate. 
2. It should be mixed as equally as possible, 
with about four times its bulk of finely‘pulveri- 
zed earth, or peat-ashesj (cold.) Ifsandis used, 
about twice its bulk will be sufficient. 
tSinc.e the reception of this report, we have forward- 
ed Mr. A. smaller plows of Rugbies, Nourse & Mason’s 
manufacture, which we are certain will please him. for 
a single mule can draw with ease the smallest one we 
sent. — E d. 
3. The quantity per acre may vary from two 
to four cwt., according to the nature and quali- 
ty of the land. Recent experiments have shown 
that a quantity which proved highly benefici.il 
in poor .soil, became deleterious upon land pre- 
viously rich. 
4. The best lime for applying it is shortly af- 
ter vegetation has commenced, and immediately 
before rain, or during damp warm weather. 
5. The best mode of application is, to divile 
the quantity per acre into two or three equal 
parts, and sow them broadcast at intervals of 
about ten days, or a fortnight. 
6. For small allotments it may be more con- 
venient to u.se it in a liquid state — in which case, 
mix 4 lbs. ol guano with 12 gallons of water, 
and let it stand for 24 hours before being used. 
The same guano will do lor mixing again with 
the same quantity of water, after the first is 
drawn off. — W. B. Booth, in London Gard. 
Chronicle, 
AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES. 
In this country, where land is cheap, and the 
disposition of the people pacific, everything in- 
vites to the arts of agriculture, of gardening and 
domestic architecture. Public gardens, on the 
scale ol such plantations in Europe and Asia, 
are now unknown to us. There is no feature 
of the old countries that more agreeably and 
newly strikes the American, than the beautiful 
gardens of Europe — such as the Boboli in Flo- 
rence, the Axilla Borghese in Rome, the Villa d’- 
Este in Tivoli ; works easily imitated here, and 
which might well make the lantidear to the citi- 
zen, and inflame patriotism. It is the fine art 
which is left lor us, now that sculpture, and 
painting, and religious and civil architecture 
have become efiete, and have passed into se- 
cond childhood. AVe have twenty degrees of 
latitude wherein to choose a seat, and the new 
modes of travelling enlarge the opportunity of 
selection, by making it easy to cultivate very 
distant tracts, and yet remain in strict inter- 
course with the centre of trade and population. 
And the whole force of all the arts goes to facili- 
tate the decoration of lands and dwellings. A 
garden has this advantage, it makes you indif- 
ferent where you live. A well laid garden 
makes the face of the country about you of no 
account; low or high, grand or mean, you have 
made a beautiful abode worthy of man. It the 
landscape is pleasing, the garden shows it — if 
tame, it excludes it. A little grove, which any 
farmer can find, or cause to grow near his 
house, will, in a few years, so fill the eye and 
mind of the inhabitant, as to make cataracts and 
chains of mountains quite unnecessary to his 
scenery ; and he is so contented with his alleys, 
woodlands, orchards, and river, that Niagara, 
and the North ol the White Hills, andNantaske 
Beach, are superfluities. And yet the selection 
of a fit house-lot has the same advantage over 
an indifferent one, as the selection of a given 
employment of a man who has a genius lor that 
w’ork. In the last case, all the culture of years 
will never make the most painstaking scholar 
his equal; no more will gardening give the ad- 
vantage of a happy site to a house in a hole or 
on a pinnacle. “ God Almighty first planted a 
garden,” says Lord Bacop, “and it is the purest 
of human pleasures. It is the greatest refresh- 
ment to the spirits of man, without which, build- 
ings and palaces are butgross handy works; and 
a man shall ever see that when ages grow to 
civility and elegancy, men come to build stately, 
sooner than to garden finely, as it gardening 
were the greater perfection.” 
Bacon has followed up this sentiment in his 
two essays on Buildings and on Gardens, with 
many pleasing details on the decoration ol lands ; 
and Aubrey has given us an engaging account 
of the manner in which Bacon finished his own 
manor at Gorhambury. 
In America, vve have hitherto little to boast 
in this kind. The cities continually drain the 
country of the best part of its population: the 
flower of the youth, of both sexes, goes into the 
towns, and the country is cultivated by so much 
inferior class. The land — travel a whole day 
together — looks poverty stricken, and the build- 
ings plain and poor. In Euiope, where society 
has an aristocratic structure, the land is lull of 
men of the best stock, ana the best culture, 
whose interest and piide it is to remain half the 
year on their estates, and to fill them with eve- 
ry convenience and ornament. Of course these 
make model farms, and model architecture, 
and are a constant education to the eye of the 
surrounding population. 
AVhatever events in progress shall go to dis- 
gust men with cities, and infuse into them the 
passion lor country life, and countr}" pleasures, 
will render a prodigious service to the whole 
face of this continent, and will further the most 
poetic of all the occupations of real life— the 
bringing out by art the native but hidden graces 
of the landscape. 
I look on such improv^ements, also, as direct- 
ly tending to endear the land to the inhabitant, 
and give him whatever is valuable in local at- 
tachment. Any relation to the land, the habit 
of tilling it or mining it, or even hunting on it, 
generates the feeling of patriotism. He wffio 
keeps shop on it, or he who merely uses it as a 
support to his desk and ledger, or to his manu- 
factory, values it very little. The vast majori- 
ty of the people of this country live by the land, 
and carry its quality in their manners and opi- 
nions. We in the Atlai tic States, by position, 
have been commercial, and have, as 1 said, im- 
bibed easily an European culture. Luckily tor 
us, now, that steam has narrowed the Atlantic 
to a strait, the nervous, rocky AVest, is intruding 
a new and continental element into the national 
mind, and we shall yet have an American ge- 
nius. How much better when the whole land 
is a garden, and the people have grown up in the 
bowers of a paradise? AVithout looking, then, 
to those extraordinary social influences which 
are now acting in precisely this direcion, but 
only at what is inevitable doing around us, I 
think we must regard the land as a commanding 
and increasing power on the American citizen 
— the sanative and Americanizing influence, 
which promises to disclose new pow’ers for ages 
to come R. TV. Emerson's Lecture. 
From the American Farmer. 
GREAT YIELD OF WHEAT. 
We are indebted to Major H. Capron, of the 
Laurel Factorjq Prince George’s County, Md., 
for the subjoined letter, giving the result of his 
successful culture oi v: or nmut fields f and of 
his having raised at the rate of 43 bushels of 
Mediterranean AVheat, per acre, on land which 
five years ago would not have yielded 7 bushels 
of oats per acre. Major C. has sent us a sample 
of it, which looks plump enough to weigh well, 
and we should think would come up to the 
standard weight. Ol this, however, we cannot 
speak with certainty, and should therefore thank 
Major C. to measure a bushel and inform us of 
its weight; and while he may be complying 
with this request, we trust thathew'ill advise us 
ffthe successful method he pursued to bringup 
his “ worn-out old fields" from the capacity of 
yielding 7 bushels of oats to the acre, to that of 
producing 43 bushels of good wheat; and here 
we would have him to believe us when we de- 
clare, that he could not address a more “ desira- 
ble” paper to the agricultural community than 
such an one would provm. In all the old Stales, 
there are thousands and tens of thousands of 
just such lands as he has described, which do 
not now’ produce enough to pay the cost of inte- 
rest, taxes and tillage, much less to afford a pro- 
fit — and if these can be brought up, by any pro- 
cess moderately costly, to produce onR half 
w’hat his “ old fields” have yielded, an end will 
at once be put to emigration, that bane of ihe old 
States, which, for years, have been draining 
them of much of their capital, enterprise, skill 
ahd industry ; and in so doing he will prove 
himself a real benefactor — a benefactor whose 
good deeds will live as long as memory or his- 
tor\ serves to transmit the incidents of one ge- 
neration to another. 
The sample of this productive wheat which 
we have received, we consider mi irustfor aistri- 
