12G 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
ON FEEDING MILK COWS. 
The following is an extract from a lecture 
recently delivered at Alnwick, England, by Pro- 
fessor Johnson, of Durham University, at the 
desire of the Duke of Northumberland, “ on 
the feeding ot stock.” 
“ I have spoken of the various conditions of 
animals. 1 will no w direct your attention to the 
milk ofthe cow. When an animal comes into 
the world, the parent gives it milk. The pa- 
rent, then, must nourish its own body, and pro- 
duce the milk besides. The cow gives a large 
quantity of milk as soon as the calf is born. 
<^ndcows that givm a large quantity of milk are 
in general characterized by striking peculiarities. 
Such an animal, an inex. erienced eye \you!d 
say, is poor and meagre and worth nothing ; 
but when he is told to look at the laige udder, 
and the conformation of the whole, animal, fit- 
ted for the copious production of milk, he soon, 
learns to change his opinion. 
Now, w'hat does milk contain 1 Curd, or ca- 
sein, butter, sugar, and saline matter, as you 
will see on referring to the table. Therefore, if 
you would feed a cow w'ith food that contains 
these ingredients in a large proportion, you 
must give her beans and peas, or you must give 
hersome leguminous crop. Observe, the butler 
is derived Irorn the fatty matter of tne foody and 
some pastures, as you know, are calculated to 
fatten. These same pastures would give a milk 
rich in cream, or that would produce much but- 
ter, while others ivould increase the yield of ca- 
sein, or would be adapted for the production of 
cheese. It is clear, therefore, that the constitu- 
ents ofthe food musr exist in the pasture. Now, 
you all know that milk is extensively used as 
food, and is raised for sale^ either directly, as by 
the cow-keepers in our large towns, or in the 
form of butter and cheese, as in our dairy dis- 
tricts, or it is manufactured into veal. The ob- 
ject of the cow-feeder of the town, is different 
from that of the true dairy farmer. 
His object is to produce a large quantity of 
milk; and he accomplishes that by feeding the 
animal upon succulent substances, and such as 
contain a large quantity of water. In some 
places, you know, they are said to have little 
scruple in adding water to it afterward. But 
they can avoid the odium of this by giving it in 
the food. Milk, of average quality, contains 
about 87 per cent, of wmter; but it is possible to 
increase the proportion to several per cent, 
more. Then there are the cheese districts, such 
as those of Cheshire and Ayrshire, and a differ- 
ent kind of food is made use of in these places 
from w'hat is employed wheie milk only is re- 
quired. If you wish the product of cheese to be 
plentiful, you must feed the cattle on clover, 
beans and peas, and other plants that contain a 
large quantity of casein. A rich milk may be 
obtained by feeding your cows upon clover, but 
you may obtain a very rich milk also by putting 
them early on beans or pease meal. Bui, if but- 
ler be the principal object desired, you must feed 
your cows upon food containing a large quanti- 
ty of oil. Indian corn, as 1 said before, contains 
a great proportion of oil, and no doubt increases 
the proportion of cream. Some kinds of fodder 
also contain more fatty matter than others. 
From this fatty matter the butter, as I have 
said, appears to be derived, and I think by using 
a little care, a milk rich in butter might be ob- 
tained by the use of oil-cake, without imparting 
any disagreeable taste to the milk itself, or to 
the cream obtained from it. Then in other pla- 
ces they are in the habit of manufacturing the 
milk into veal. The young calf it is necessary 
to feed on such substances as contribute at once 
to the growth ofthe bones, and to the laying on 
of fat. These substances exist in milk, and it 
may be necessary, at certain seasons of its 
growth, to give the milk skimmed, at others 
unusually rich in cream. Thus, in the neigh- 
borhood of large towns, where veal is much 
used, it is usual, when the animal arrives at an 
age when it ought to lap on fat rapidly, to give 
it the milk richer in cream, as well as a larger 
quantity of it. This is altogether a different 
process from leeding farm stock. 
From the Albany Cultivator. 
HINTS TO YOUNG MEN. 
“Who aims at excellence will be above mediocrity ; 
who aims at mediocrity will fall short of it.” — [A non. 
Be industrious. We do not n ean here the in- 
dustry ofthe hands alone, but that perseverance 
in whatever we undertake, that is the sure pre- 
cursor of ultimate success. Never allow the 
mind or the body to stagnate ; activity is neces- 
sary to the heafth of both. Always have some 
worthy end in view, in whatever you undertake; 
remembering that to lail with good intentions, 
is more honorable than success in an evil cause. 
Cultivate your mind. It is ot more impor- 
tance to the young, that their reading should be 
select, rather than extensive. One volume well 
understood, on any important topic, is better 
than half a dozen merely skimmed. There are 
many subjects of general utilily, with which 
every man should have a partial knowledge at 
least ; but it is one of the great faults of model n 
education to spend too much time on studies 
that rather burden and clog the mind, than 
strengthen and inlorm it for life’s practical du- 
ties. Reading, or studying without some defi- 
nite aim, is likely to lead to few useful results. 
How many men there are who have spent a 
large part of their lives over books, of whom it 
may be said, “■they remember a mass of things, 
but nothing 'listinctly.” It is possible to cram 
the mind with masses of indigestible materials, 
destructive alike to a healthy and a vigorous 
action of the intellectual powers. Such is not 
the cultivation of the mind required by a young 
fanner. 
Be economical. No matter if your parenls are 
worth millions, it is not the less proper that you 
should understand the value of money, and the 
honest, honorable means of acquiring it. What 
multitudes of young men, particularly in our 
cities, make fatal shipwreck of reputation, 
health, and eventually of property, by a neglect 
of this simple maxim. They are aware that 
their fathers obtained iheir wealth by habits of 
industry, but they are ashamed of the very 
name. They forget that wealth in this country 
passes rapidly from one to another, and that he 
who is rich to-day may'^ be pooi to-morrow; or 
that he who relies on wealth amassed by his 
father, may end his days in a poor-house. It is 
lor tne young here to say, whether by industry 
and economy he will secure competence and re- 
spectability, or by extravagance and idleness be- 
come a worthless beggar and sponging outcast. 
Be just. In the courseof life a man frequent- 
ly finds his interests or his opinions crossed and 
thwarted by those from whom he had a right to 
expect better things, and the young are apt to 
feel such matters very sensibly. But be not 
rash in yourc ndemnation. Look at their con- 
duct carefully, and be just to the motives that 
prompt it. You may find, that were you pla- 
ced in their position, the course you now con- 
demn, would be the one proper for you, and itie 
one you would be under obligation to pursue. 
A little cool consideration would avoid much 
censoriousness. 
Shun avarice. One of the most disagreeable 
characters on earth, is that of the grasping, ava- 
ricious, penurious man. Generosity is perfect- 
ly compatible with economy; and the means 
which enable some of our most noble-hearted, 
generous men, to do much to ben' fit and bless 
mankind, are obtained, not by cla^e-fisted penii- 
riousness, bUL bv economy. The distance is 
net greater between the zenith and the nadii, 
than between the covetous and the economi. al 
man : the first banishes ecery just and honora- 
ble feeling from the heart, the other fosters and 
ministers to them all. 
Determine to he xtseful. No matter what may 
be your » ondiiion in life, you have an influence, 
and that influence should always be exerted in 
a proper way. The younghave no right to fold 
up their arms, bury their talent, and become the 
drones of the social hive. Aim high, but with 
prudence ; act with determination and perseve- 
rance; let no obstacle drive you Ifom the path 
of honor and duly, and you may be sure ot even- 
tual success. Riches are not within the reach 
of all : competence is ; and the latter condition 
is preferable in every respect to the first. Re- 
member the Deity helps those who help them- 
selves, and that utility is the-great end of human 
exertion. 
From the Coiiriecucut Farmer’s Gazette. 
DON’T KILL TflE BIRDS. 
Don’t kill the birds — the little birds, 
That sing about your door, 
Soon as the joyous Spring has come, 
And chilling storms are over. 
The little birds — how sweet they sing! 
O, let them joyous live ; 
And never seek to take he life 
Which you can never give. 
Don’t kill the birds — the little birds, 
That play among the trees; 
’T would make the earth a eheerless place. 
Should we dispense with these. 
The little birds, how fond they play I 
Do not disturb their sport, 
But let them w’arble fonli their songs, 
Till winter cutsthem short. 
Don’t kill the birds — the happy birds 
That bless the field and grove ; 
So innocent to look upon. 
They claim our warmest love. 
The happy birds— the tuneful birds, 
How pleasant ’tis to see; 
No spot can be a cheerless place, 
Where’er their presence be. 
From the American Aericullunst. 
THE PHYSICIAN AN AGRICULTURIST. 
Who can be a better farmer than the country 
doctor? With usually sufficient leisure on his 
hands to spend the necessary lime in the culti- 
vation or superintendence of his acres, more or 
less, and by profession, as he should be, a tole- 
rable naturalist, chemist, and an observer ofthe 
physical laws, with the important advantages 
of daily observation of their husbandry, and 
continued and friendly intercourse among the 
farmers and gardeners of his neighboihood for 
many miles around him, no one has a belter op- 
portuniiy to excel as a farmer than himself. 
What but absolute want of taste, and a total ab- 
sence of all observation and interest in the pro- 
lific bounties of nature, should prevent our coun- 
try physicians from being our best husbandmen 
and stock-breeders ? Of all the professions 
connected with rural life, commend me to thatof 
the country doctor. I speak it with all possible 
respect and approbation, and for one 1 most 
humbly thank Dr. Stevens lorbringing thissub- 
ject before tne public ; and I wish now, some 
one would follow up the hint by a lecture on 
The Clergyman an Agriculturist. After 
this should come the SauiRR. What a glorious 
trio. I cannot help ajiostrophizing them in the 
language ofthe poet: 
Parson, d'^ctor, and the squire 1 
Best adviser, 
Best preseriber, 
Best decider, 
Why not best of farmers then f 
Putnam. 
From the Albany Cultivator. 
TO PRESERVE TO.MATOES. 
Dip the ripe tomatoes in scalding water, peel 
them, and divide them into two, or, if very thick, 
into three slices; lay them on plates, and put 
them into the oven atter the bread is drawn ; in 
48 hours they will be perfectly dried. Put them 
in paper bags, and keep in a dry pi ;ce. When 
wanted for use, dip' then- in cold water and lay 
them on a dish to swell, and in a mince or stew, 
they are almost equal to the fresh fruit. It you 
wish to make tomato sauce, add a litile water to 
cook them in. They are very good to eat out 
ot the hand in the dry state. 
preserve your horse dung, mix it with, 
vegetable mould, and cover it well with the 
same. 
