160 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR. 
a destisute manhood, and a disgraceful old age, 
is the woikshop or the farm,'^ It is useless, at 
this day, ior eyery young man to aspire to the 
lot of living by his vrits, for it is a task in which 
few whw undertake it have- the taleni requisite 
to ensure success. How many tliere are at pre- 
sent ‘Moafing” away the precious years ol 
youth inoui’idties and villages, who ought to be 
acquiring the rudiments of some honorable and 
uselul TRADE. Learning is by no meansincom- 
patible with the practice of the arts ; for, the 
more one “knows” the more likely will he be 
to succeed, and to do honor both to himself and 
the profession in which he is engaged . — Plow 
Boy. 
From the New Haven Palladium. 
The Halo or Solar Phenomenon. — The 
Rings around the sun yesterday (September 
Oth) for two hours before and alter midday, ap- 
pear to have been generally observed by our 
citizens with much interest, and to have awak- 
ened an intelligent curiosity to learn more re- 
specting appearances of this kind, and their 
causes. 
The present Halo was remarkable for its 
duration, and afforded favorable opportunities 
for observation. About mid-day, it consisted 
chiefly of two complete rings, one about 45 de- 
gress in breadth encircling the sun at its centre, 
and the other about 72 degrees broad, having its 
center in the zenith, v/hile its circumference pass- 
ed thioagh the sun. The smaller circle was 
accompanied by an eclipse of the same major 
axis and of small eccentricity. Directly oppo- 
site to the sun, 36 degrees north of the zenith, 
the circumference of the larger circle was inter- 
sected by two other circles of nearly or quite the 
same diameter, forming, at the point of intersec- 
tion, a bright spot, such as would naturally re- 
sult from The combined light of the three lumi- 
nous rings. The ring that encircled the Sun 
exhibited the colors of the rainbow, frequently 
with much vividness and beauty. The other 
rings were white, and fainter as they were more 
distant from the sun. Small portions of circles, 
however, with prisnratic hues, appeared at dif- 
ferent times both in the East and West. 
On recurring to works that give an account 
of solar halos of past times, it will be seen that 
the majority of them correspond, in their gener- 
al features, to this, having a circle and eclipse 
aruund the sun, a large circle with its circum- 
ference passing through the sun’s center, and 
two other circles intersecting this at a point di- 
rectly opposite the sun. Thus in the 7th and 
lOth volumes ol the American Journal of Sci- 
ence, two halos are figured bearing all these 
characteristics. The circles, however, are 
sometimes still farther multiplied, and of dimen- 
sions varying from the present. 
Such a uniformity^ of structure must depend 
on sume law, which regulates the formation of 
halos; but the nature of this law is not fully de- 
veloped, although its investigation has occupied 
the most eminent opticians, as Descartes, New- 
ton, Huyghens, Mariotte, Young and Brewster. 
The cloud which forms the basis of the pheno- 
menon, is always the same, both in the solar and 
lunar halos, consisting of a thin, gauze-like, 
milky vapor, called by meteorologists, cirro- 
stratus. It is known to be very high, falling 
within the region of perpetual congelation, the 
lower limits of which, in our latitude, are about 
two miles above the earth. The moisture de- 
posiied by the.se clouds, would be in the form of 
snow or particles of ice, and it is from the pecu- 
liar reflections caused by the bright surfaces of 
such crystals, that these phenomena are believed 
to be produced. Not much difficulty has been 
experienced in accounting for the production of 
the ring that encircles the sun, since its cause 
is somewhat similar to that which produces the 
rainbow; but to explain the origin of the ring 
which has its circumference in the sun’s center, 
has been found much more difficult. The re- 
flection of the sun’s light from crystals of a 
cylindrical and prismatic form, has been suppo- 
sed to furnish a clue to the explanation, although 
it has not always clearly appeared how this 
would produce the appearances in question. 
From the Southern Agriculturist. 
PARTICULARS OF THE EXPERIMENT OF 
MARLING 
Mr. Editor— 1 noticed in the last number of 
your valuable journal, a communication head- 
ed, “ Successful Marling,” in relation to a field 
I had marled for the present crop of cotton, in 
which the writer expresses a desiie to learn the 
particulars ol this experiment. It affords me 
pleasure to give any information in my power 
on the subject, being fully sati-sfiied myself, from 
a previous trial, of the great efficacy in the use 
of marl. I instituted this experiment to endea- 
vor to put its beneficial effects beyond doubt, 
and to convince those who were yet sceptical of 
the inestimable value of this substance. Your 
author has been misinformed as regards the land 
which was marled being an old field. 
The following were the particulars of the ex- 
periment : — Twenty-five acres of very light high 
land was cleared of its original growth, oak, 
hickory and pine, in the winter of 1842, and 
planted in cotton every year: in February last, 
the beds were levelled with the hoe, and the 
marl carted on, at the rate of 150 bushels to the 
acre, which was well pulverized, and strewed 
over the field as equally as possible — strength of 
marl 70 per cent. The land was bedded in 
March and planted on the 1st of April. Ten 
rows through the middle of the field were left 
•without marl. The cotton crop has suffered 
very much from continued drought, the marled 
cotton much less so than any other. In the 
above experiment no manure was usetl. It was 
ray intention to have had the cotton of this field 
kept separate, in order to test its relative produc- 
tion with that of my other fields, but during my 
absence from home, the cotton was mixed. 
In 1843, a square of 105 feet was marled in 
the same field, at the rate ol 100 bushels to the 
acre — marl 70 per cent. The beneficial effects 
were very evident, particularly in the early ma- 
turing of the fruit: a gentleman, who visited 
this field in the summer of 1843, was asked his 
opinion as regards the appearance of this square 
of cotton ; he replied, that it was more luxu- 
riant; that he saw very few blossoms compared 
with the other portion of the field : on examina- 
tion it was discovered that pods had taken the 
place of the ^Z<?sso?ks— showing evidently, that 
the marled square was at least ten days in ad- 
vance of the other. 
The bed of marl is about one mile from the 
field : when not interrupted, carted twelve loads 
a day — seven bushels a good load for two small 
mules, the road being very rough. 
Yours, &c., John A. Ramsay. 
Charleston, Sept, 17, 1844. 
Fruit Trees. — P lant a lew trees of the best 
kinds you can get ; if not rich food for the pa- 
late, hogs will not refuse them. If you will lis- 
ten to old saws you will never plant any ; there 
will some be found who have not succeeded — 
they, of course, condemn the fruit, rather than 
their own management. — Plow Boy. 
COUTEHTS OF THIS HUMBER. 
Communications 153 
Extracts from Colman’s Agricultural Report. . .154-155 
Individuality 155 
Comfrey .,155-155 
South Carolina State Agricultural Society 156-157 
Farmers’ First Lesson in Chemistry. .............. .157 
Wages of Farm Laborers in England 157 
Wheat Culture ..157-158 
Fall Plowing 158 
The Reaper’s Harvest Song. 158 
Editorials, etc 159 
Curing Pea Vines ; Saving Seeds...... 159 
The Halo, or /Solar Phenomenon ...160 
Particulars of the Experiment of Marling ,160 
MR. AND MRS. CHAPMAN’S 
BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOD. 
No. 228 Broad-st., Augusta. 
|I3= THIS Institution has been under 
the direction of its present principals for six 
years, and the success which has attended it has 
enabled them greatly to increase the facilities it 
affords for the education of young bt : Pro- 
vision is made for thorough instruc . in all 
the departments of female education ' •. the 
elementaryEnglish studies to the higb / i nch- 
es of literature and science. The • 'erm 
will commence Tuesday, October 1 ' upils 
can enter at any time during the t; • . . . will 
be charged for the time they are m rs of ' 
the school. 
Tuition $3, $12 and $15 per quarter, a- . i-rding 
to the age and standing of the sch nar. iusic 
and French at the usual rates. B ianJ 15 per 
month. 
References. — Rev. C. S. Dodd, R W. T. 
Brantley, Rev. . G P. Pierce, Dr. W. K ”'arpin, 
Mr. J. M. Adams, Mr. D. Hand, August"- ; Gov. 
Crawford, Milledgeville ; Dr. E. E. Jones, Madi- 
son ; Col. Wm. Jones. Warren ; Dr. P. George, 
Jasper; Mr. W. B. Munro, Columbus. 
s26-w&C4t 
B ACON’S LARD LAMPb.— A new 
article, superioi to all others f .if s pur- 
pose, emitting a good clear light withi ut .lellor 
smoke, and at an expense, counting Lr- t at 8 
cents a pound, of about a quarter of a cent an 
hour. 
These Lamps have been satisfactorily tested, 
and are recommended as “just the thing” for 
the use of planters, and all others who study utili- 
ty, neatness and economy. 
A supply of the above Lamps, with Fillc-rs and 
Wicks for them. For sale by 
HAVILAND, RISLEY & CO, 
jy 24-d,c&CuUf 
TURNED SEED. 
A SUPPLY of the following varie- 
ties of fresh TURNEP SEED just receiv- 
ed, viz: 
Yellow Sweedish or Ruta Eaga, very fine for 
stock, 
Large Globe Turnep, I Fine 
“ White Flat do. ( for 
“ Hanover or White Ruta Baga do ; table 
“ Norfolk do. ,) use. 
For sale in quantities to suit purchasers, by 
Aug. 30 18-tf WM. HAINES, Jb. 
GARDEN AND FIELD SEED, 
A GENERAL assortment ol fresh 
and genuine G A R D E N and FIELD 
SEED, among which are the following: 
Red and White Clover, 
Blue and Green Grass, 
Rye and Orchard do., 
Timothy and Herds do., 
Millet and Lucerne do., 
Seed Corn of every valuable variety, 
Seed Wheat, 
Buckwheat and Potato Oats, 
Kept constantly on hand by the subscriber, all of 
which are offered for sale at very moderate prices. 
All orders, by mail or otherwise, executed ■with 
neatness and despatch. 
WM. HAINES, Jr., 
No. 232 Broad street, Augusta, Ga. 
August 30. 18-tf 
THE SOUTHERN CULTIVATOR 
IS published by 
J. W. W, S. JONES, 
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