OF GRANITE. 25 
some containing only two ingredients, and others more than 
three, all of which it has been found convenient to include under 
the same general name. AH the different forms of granite that 
are to be described, graduate into each other, and they are often 
to be found within moderate distances in the same rock. 
1. Quartz, Feldspar and Mica. — This is proper granite, and 
the most common of all the varieties. It is sometimes rendered 
porphyritic by large irregular crystals of feldspar, imbedded in a 
fine grained mass, constituted of these three minerals. A beau- 
tiful granite of this kind, is seen on both sides of the Pedee, in 
Anson and Richmond counties, between Old Mount Pleasant 
and Sneedsborough. It occurs also in Lincoln county, between 
Morganton and the Jsland ford of the Catawba. 
2. Quartz, Feldspar and Hornblende. — This is what is 
sometimes called Syenitic granite. It is found on the road to 
PittsUorough, three or four miles from the University. 
3. Quartz, Feldspar and Chlorite. — The name of Protogine 
was applied to this and the next following variety, because on 
account of their being very abundant in the central masses and 
pinnacles of the Alps, they were supposed to be amongst the 
very oldest of the rocks; but as the granites of the Alps are now 
placed amongst the more recent formations of that substance, the 
name is no longer applicable. Rocks resembling most intimately 
the specimens of protogine, brought by Dr. Caldwell from the 
vale of Chamouny, may be seen half a mile west of the Univer- 
sity. 
4. Quartz, Feldspar and Talc. — Imperfect specimens have 
been noticed half a mile beyond Haw River, on the road leading 
through Randolph to Salisbury. It is common in the county 
of Cornwall, (Eng.), where more than twelve thousand tons are 
raised annually, under the name of China stone, or China clay, 
for the supply of the English potteries. In this particular local- 
ity it contains no iron, and its feldspar is therefore suitable for 
the production of a porcelain that will come perfectly white from 
the furnace. 
5. Feldspar and Quartz. — There is sometimes an uniform 
mixture of these ingredients, and sometimes the quartz and 
feldspar are aggregated in lengthened parallel prisms, so that 
when a piece is broken across the quartz prisms, the surface that 
is produced presents the appearance of the characters used in 
writing by some of the ancient nations. Hence it is called Graphic 
Granite. Broignart says, that all the fine kaolins used in the 
manufacture of French (?) porcelain, are derived from graphic 
granite. 
6. Feldspar and Hornblende. — This is a very important 
variety of granite, offering an almost endless diversity of ap- 
pearance, dependent upon the proportions, color, crystallization, 
and mode of admixture of the ingredients. Some of its forms 
have received the name of Syenite, from the town of Syene in 
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