58 OF MINERAL COAL. 
by animal muscle and sinew. The following is the value in round 
numbers of the principal products of British industry, taken from 
McCulloch, the price of the raw material being included. 
Cotton Manufacture, $150,000,000. Iron Manufacture, - - $25,000,000. 
Woollen, " - - 100,000,000. Copper, tin, lead, salt, - 12,000,000. 
Hardware, "... 76,000,000. Earthenware, "... 10,000,000. 
Linen, " - - 36,000,000. Glass, " ... 8,000,000. 
The great seat of the manufacture of cotton, is on the Lanca- 
shire coal field at Manchester, and in the region north of it; of 
wool, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in a district about ten 
miles in diameter, lying south-west of Leeds; of cutlery, at Shef- 
field, on the same coal field; of earthenware, in the northern part 
of Staffordshire, near Newcastle under line, where there is an 
abundant supply of excellent coal; of salt in Cheshire, which is 
surrounded by coal fields; of hardware, exclusive of cutlery, at 
Birmingham, the toy-shop of Europe, close by the rich deposits 
of South Staffordshire — which deposits as well as those of South 
Wales, afford immense quantities of iron lying imbedded in layers 
in the strata of slate clay accompanying the coal, and there being 
a plenty of limestone in the immediate neighbourhood, all the 
materials for the manufacture of iron are found in close proximity, 
whilst they are easy of access. The iron used in the construction 
of the rail roads of the United States is made either in Stafford- 
shire or in South Wales. Coal for the steam engines used in 
draining the mines of Cornwall, is carried from Wales, and the 
vessels are laden on their return with copper ore, the most of 
which is smelted at Swansea. Glass is made in various places, 
but always in the coal region. The linen manufacture has flourish- 
ed most in the north of Ireland, which is well supplied with fuel 
from Lancashire and Scotland. The part of Scotland lying about 
Glasgow, is outstripping every other in wealth and population. 
At Leeds, coal sells for $1.78 per ton, at Sheffield for $1.67, in 
Staffordshire at from $2.00 to 2.67 for the best kind ; Schuylkill 
coal in New York at $6. 50, and at the mine for $2 .25, Whilst the 
ancient towns of Canterbury, Winchester, and Salisbury, in the 
South of England, have remained nearly stationary; those which 
have been mentioned as the principal seats of these different manu- 
factures, have increased rapidly in size and importance. 
Few parts of the world at present known, if any, are as abun- 
dantly supplied with coal as the British Islands; and perhaps there 
is no country upon whose strength and wealth, extensive mines of 
this substance could have so decisive an influence. The coldness 
of the climate demands a great annual consumption of fuel for 
domestic purposes: if we except the northern part, of Scotland, 
there are no where, extensive mountain tracts, incapable of culti- 
vation, to be devoted to its growth. It abounds in the metallic 
ores, especially in the ores of iron, in the smelting of which, 
mineral coal has been for many years most advantageously ap- 
■MH 
