FULIGULA CRISTATA 
Tufted Duck. 
Anas fuUgula, Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 47. 
scandiaca, Gmel. edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 620. 
cristata, Leach, Syst. Cat. of Indig. Mamm. and Birds in Brit. Mus., p. 39. 
colymbis, Pall. Zoog. Ross.-Asiat., tom. ii. p. 266. 
Glaucium minus, Briss. Orn., tom. vi. p. 411, tab. xxxvii. fig. 1. 
FuUgula cmtoia, Steph. Cont. Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xii. p. 190. 
Nyroca fuUgula, Flem. Phil, of Zool., vol. ii. p. 260. 
Aythya fuUgula, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564. 
cristata, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl., p. 916. 
Platypus fuUgula, Brehm. 
This bonny little Duck, with its graceful top-knot and brilliant golden eye, plays a conspicuous part among 
the water-birds of the British Islands, to which, however, it must, I think, be regarded as only a winter 
visitant ; for, although it is known to breed in several parts of England, the greater number of those that 
come to us from the north in September and October depart again in March and April with the same 
regularity as the Redwing, the Fieldfare, and other northern migrants. It is unnecessary to name any 
particular counties or shires as localities frequented hy it ; for it is equally numerous in every one, from the 
extreme north of Scotland to the most southern portion of England; and it is just as widely spread over 
Ireland, in all suitable situations, among estuaries, broads, and other great sheets of water. During very 
severe weather it ascends such rivers as the Thames, tlie Rihble, and the Tamar, and is there frequently met 
w'ith singly, in pairs, or little flocks. On the extensive broads of our eastern coasts it occurs in still greater 
numbers, frequently in company with other Fuliguline Ducks, Scaups, Pochards, &c. Now w'hat I have 
said as to the general dispersion of the Tufted Duck over the British Islands applies equally to its distribution 
over the Continent of Europe, indeed, I may say, over the temperate regions of the Old World, from Holland 
to Japan; in the north it is especially numerous in Norway, Finmark, Russia, and Siberia; in the south 
it extends from Morocco easLvards to India and China : it is equally common in all suitable localities in the 
northern regions of Africa, being plentiful, according to Loche, on the great lakes of Algeria ; many travellers 
testify to its being numerous on the banks of the Nile ; Mr. Tristram states that it is found in Palestine ; 
and, lastly. Dr. Hartlaub informs us, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ’ for 1868, that it goes as 
far south as the Pelew Islands, and remarks that this must be regarded as a curious fact, since the bird had 
not been known previously to occur in any of the Indian or Polynesian Islands. The Tufted Duck does not, 
I believe, go to South Africa, neither does it visit Australia, nor is it found in North America. With respect 
to its occasionally breeding in England, Mr. A. G. More states, on the authority of Mr. Borrer, that a brood 
of Tufted Ducks was found near Horsham in May 1853, and another at West Grinstead in 1854; that 
Mr. W. H. Slaney had known of one nest in Shropshire ; that mention is made in the ‘ Zoologist ’ (p. 2879) 
of a brood having been observed onMalham Water, in the West Riding of Yorkshire; and that Mr. Hancock 
describes the bird as breeding occasionally in Northumberland. The above are supposed to be instances of 
truly wild birds having remained here to breed while the main body departed to their summer homes in 
countries further north. At Clumber and Osberton, in Nottinghamshire, numbers breed every year: I 
am sure I shall be speaking within bounds when I say that seven years ago as many as thirty broods were 
annually hatched on those splendid estates ; and I see no limit to the increase of these pretty Ducks thereon 
if the voracious pike be kept within bounds, a point of the utmost importance ; for the late excellent fifth 
Duke of Newcastle informed me that almost every Tufted Duckling hatched on the edges of the Clumber 
Lake w'as devoured by that tyrant of fresh waters, that the few which escaped destruction during the 
infantile stages of their existence were subsequently pulled down, and that the keepers had seen a fully 
adult bird in the jaws of a twenty-pound pike. On questioning the Duke as to the origin of his birds, he 
told me he believed they were the descendants of a pinioned pair that had been placed on the lake many 
years back. The Tufted Ducks at Osberton, which breed as freely but in lesser numbers than at Clumber, 
are doubtless from the same stock. The two properties are contiguous, and the river unites their waters. 
My late excellent and valued friend G. S. Foljambe, Esq., regarded his Tufted Ducks with the highest 
interest, a feeling fully participated in by his son and successor, the present Mr. F. J. S. Foljambe, who, in 
January 1871, kindly favoured me with the following notes respecting them : — 
“ I hope soon to get you a pair of Tufted Ducks, and shall be very proud to see the portraits of 
