1890.] 
Fimch-marked coins of Hindustan, Sfc. 
193 
rent varieties of tlio design, which I have identified as 
a food ‘ altar ’ or ‘ receptacle ’ for birds. 
Class III. 
Animals. 
Among those which are more or less certainly to bo re- 
cognised are, the elephant, rhinoceros, horse, bull, nyl- 
ghai, goat, hare, dog, jackal, civet-cat, peacock, river- 
tnrtlo, Gangetic crocodile, frog, python, cobra and cat- 
fish or skate. Conspicuous by their absence may bo 
mentioned the ‘ staq ’ that is, any form of ‘ cervine ’ 
ruminant. The antelope, the sheep, the monkey, 
the lion, tiger or leopard ; the leopard indeed is men- 
tioned by Thomas, but it is not clear to mo that 
this animal anywhere occurs, and the lion* and tiger 
would certainly not bo hard to recognise if present. 
Neither is any mythological animal as ‘ Garuda ’ or 
the ‘ Naga ’ race seen on the coins. 
Class IV. 
Trees, branches or fruit. 
When trees are represented they are enclosed below with 
railings, sometimes supporting the ‘ chatra ’ or um- 
brella and sometimes one or more ‘ Taurines.’ They 
are very conventional in design, so that the species 
intended cannot be made out save in one or two in- 
stances. 
Class Y. 
Symbols connected with solar, planetary or Sivito woi-shiji. 
This is a very numerous class comprehending the 
‘ lingum,’ the ‘ triskelis,’ the ‘ Caduceus ’ and a vast 
number of symbols replete with esoteric allusions 
to the old planetary and solar conceptions of the re- 
motest antiquity, compi’ehensively alluded to by Tho- 
mas as “ magic formulas.” 
* For comparison I may add a list of the animals seen on the sculptured stones 
of Scotland in association with some of the symbols seen on these coins. Thero 
occur horseman and lion, hog j bull j bear ; ram ; wolf ; fox ; stag, hind and 
fawn ; roebuck j hare j ass j Bactrian camel ; cat, several domestic dogs, otter ; 
seal ; hawk j osprey j salmon ; and among mythological creatures the mermaid and 
sea-horse. The 'elephant’ (so called) I consider as a mythological or traditiona- 
animal, as it is invariably roprosontod with a slender recurved horn, and no doubt em- 
bodies a traditional idea of an animal which was only known by name or description 
to the artists who made such frequent use of it, on these stones. 
