206 W. Theobald — Notes on some of the symbols found on the [No. 3, 
in my possession. It is identical in esotorical meaning with the emblem 
of Baal-Peor worshipped in Canaan by Jews and Gentiles alike and is 
among many proofs how very ancient and widely spread were the ideas 
represented by many of the symbols found on these coins, and how eri'o- 
neous were the view of Thomas that they are all the product of “ home 
fancies.” 
On the antiquity of phallic symbolism, Inman’s work. ‘ Ancient 
Faiths embodied in Ancient Names ’ may be consulted with advantage 
(sub voce Baal-Peor). This symbol is also found in places and associated 
with objects where the uninitiated would hardly except it. In the 
Magazine of Art, Vol. VI, page 20, fig. 21, the Cross of the Niduari Piets 
is figured. The head of the cross is formed of a circle, with a ball 
in the centre, from which four of the emblems of Baal-peor radiate, the 
‘ lip ’ of the symbols being directed outwards to form the arms ! 
The ‘•lingum’ or symbol of Baal-peor occurs, however, too commonly 
on sculptured stones in Scotland and more than general allusion. It 
occurs singly, or more commonly ‘ twined,’ forming then the ‘ spectacle 
mark ’ which seems so to have puzzled antiquaries. 
A simple 'Ungum’ is seen on a stone from Kintradwell, Suther- 
landshire, which differs in no material respect from the same symbol 
universally worshipped to-day in India ! and in this case it may be em- 
phatically asked, is the fortuitous and independent development of 
such a symbol in its hyperborean home, possible or reasonable. Gu- 
bernatis arrives at a not very dissimilar conclusion from quite another 
point of view. ‘ The result of my enquiries will, perhaps, go far to 
prove that notwithstanding the splendour of our Christian art, and the 
fame of our civilization, the basis of Italian belief has till now remained 
pagan; so that those of our house v/ives who are most assiduous in their 
attendance at the great spectacles of the Church, and their observance 
of its ritual, are at bottom, the jealous custodiers and guardians of devilish 
superstitions and pagan fables.” (Zoological Mythology, Preface, p. xxi.) 
14. Sphere within a teianqee. Fig. 187. 
In esoteric significance this is of precisely the same import as the 
last. The sphere represents the solar or male energy of Nature, whilst 
the triangle or ‘ delta ’ is an equally well understood female symbol. 
The symbol is from a coin in my possession. 
A variant of this symbol occurs on a stone at Stonehaven (S. S. S, 
Vol. I, PI. XLI,) but is rudely engraved and I hesitate to draw any 
conclusion therefrom. It is accompanied by the rude figure of a fish, 
and might possibly bo intended for a scraping-tool, and used as a sign of 
his trade by some fisherman. 
