235 
1890.] punch-marJced coins of Hindustan, ^c. 
120. A Squaee divided into Nine Segments with a dot in the centre. 
Fig. 112. 
121. A SNAKE (?) WITHIN A Rectangddae Aeea. Fig. 207. 
It is not very obvious wbat this object is, as it is too blunt for any 
ordinary snake, but perhaps the so-called ‘ two-headed snake ’ may be 
meant (Eryx Johnii). 
122. Two Human Figures. 
This is a rare symbol and occurs on a coin belonging to Sir A. 
Cunningham, 
123. Four dots in a Square, with a mark above. Fig. 113. 
A curious but somewhat obscure symbol. 
124. A RUDE Human Figure. Fig. 4. 
A club which seems to rest on the ground, and some indistinct 
object, perhaps a water-pot in the other. 
125. A CROSS FORMED BY TWO ‘ Chatras ’ and two ‘ Taurines.’ Fig. 105. 
126. An eight-pointed star within a circular area, girt by six 
‘ Taurines.’ Fig. 161. 
127. Wheel and Bells. Fig. 142. 
This symbol occurs on a coin in the collection of Sir A. Cunningham, 
and if my interpretation of it is correct, is one of the most interesting in 
its relation to the religious usages of mediaeval Europe. The wheel has 
eight spokes and outside the periphery eight bells. The use of bells in 
Buddhist worship is well known, but I was surprised to find in the 
work of Wilhelm Liibke on “ Ecclesiastical Art in Germany dui’ing the 
middle ages ” a precisely similar instrument figured under the title of 
‘ Mass-hells’ only in the larger illustration a ropo was added to pull the 
wheel, which is not seen on the coins. Judging by modern analogy, how- 
ever, the motive power in India may have been water, and the essential 
part only of the arrangement, a wheel carrying hells, introduced on the 
coin ! Liibke writes : “ Here we may mention also the Mass-hells with 
which were given the signs of the principal movements in the sacred 
service. Some were arranged in an artistic manner, so that a number 
of bells were united on a small wheel, which turns on an axis and is 
moved by a chord.” Page 154, fig. 120 (1. c.). 
The specimen figured by Liibke was from Gerona, in Spain. 
