240 W. Theobald — Notes on some of the symbols found on the [No. 3, 
162. A LEAF OF A ‘ ChciMS ’ TBEE, {Opunlia). Fig. 72. 
The ‘ Cactus ’ (so called) or Opuntia is a common tree in India and 
in places thrives so vigorously as to become troublesome. There is little 
doubt that the object here given is intended to represent a branch of this 
plant, the identity of which is cleverly touched off by the groups of 
spines along its edge. 
163. A Teiangle in a Teiangular area. Fig. 193; 
164. A Square in a Square area. Fig. 109. 
165. A ‘ Teisul’ on a stand. Fig. 191. 
This symbol is almost identical with one found on Gupta coins at a 
later period. (See V. A. Smith’s Catalogue of Gupta coins, J. A. S. B. 
Vol. liii. Part I, PI. V, fig. 8d). 
It is not a little remarkable that the ‘ trisul ’ or trident in any form, 
though so common on coins of a later period, is nowhere represented on 
these early punch-marked coins. The present symbol is, however, vei’y 
suggestive of a trausition from the ‘ scaraheus ’ of Egyptian hierogly- 
phics to the trident of Greek and Indian art. Mr. R. Sewell has, I 
think, conclusively shown the intimate connection between the ‘ Scara- 
beus ’ and the ‘ trisul ’, ‘ caduceus ’, and ‘ tri-ratna ’ of Greece and India, 
and the present symbol is not improbably a very angular and conven- 
tional rendering of a ‘ scaraheus ’, wherein the genesis of the trisul is 
sufficiently indicated. The central prong represents the rostrum or 
head of the beetle, the outer prongs, its forelegs, the pentagon below, 
its body, and the two supports, the hind legs — (See Mr. Sewell’s Early 
Buddhist Symbolism, Journ. Royal Asiatic Soc. 1886, p. 398.) 
167. A Horse, to the right. 
The horse does not occur on the silver coins, to my knowledge, but 
is found on large square copper coins, of a later or transition period, as 
exemplified by coins in the British Museum and others procured at Eran 
by Gen. Sir A. Cunningham. 
168. An unknown object. Fig. 204. 
. 169. A Poppy head, or some fruit. Fig. 90. 
I am acquainted with no fruit which resembles this symbol more 
than a poppy head, and the identification is not improbable as the poppy 
was probably cultivated at the period these coins were struck. 
