245 
1890.] 'punch-marhed coins of Hindustan, ^e. 
be placed on those coins, but it may not improbably represent a sacred 
wheel, such as in Thibet is used to rotate prayers on, and is driven by 
water power for that purpose. It may seem very absurd to us, but not 
more so perhaps than the custom in Catholic Europe to pay for ‘ masses ’ 
for the soul of some deceased sinner. 
This symbol is from a coin in my own possession. 
206. ‘ Thyrsos ' between two circles enclosing four balls. Fig. 176. 
Figs. 171 to 176 would all seem to be variants of one symbol which 
in the opinion of Sir A. Cunningham is the mint mark of Eran. Except 
fig. 171, which occurs on a silver coin in the British Museum, these 
symbols all occur on large copper coins jirocured by Sir A. Cunningham 
at Eran, so that in this instance the teri-itorial assignment of the symbol 
is fairly made out. The gradation between the different variants is well 
observed. The simplest form is fig. 171, four balls or circles arranged 
in a lozenge. Fig. 172 shows four balls each with a central dot con- 
nected by the arms of a cross. Fig. 173 shows four circles each contain- 
ing four balls, and fig. 175 is similar, but has a cross, each arm termi- 
nating in a ball, interposed between the circles, without their being 
attached thereto. Fig. 174 is of a more omate character, consisting 
of four circles connected by a cross, each medium circle containing a 
‘ Taurine ’ and each lateral circle a ‘ sivastika.’ 
Fig. 176 is a variant, which seems to indicate an approach to symbol 
115 (fig. 178), being essentially similar in the elements composing it. 
207. A TREE SURROUNDED BY A RAILING. Fig. 77. 
This fine symbol clearly shows a sacred tree surrounded by a 
railing. Each branch is trifid, but it is not possible to hazard a guess 
at what tree is intended. 
208. A Bull to eight. 
This symbol occurs on a large square copper coin from Eran of later 
date than the silver coins. These large coins of the Eran mint probably 
are in fact transitional between the old punch-marked, and later coins 
struck in the usual manner, many of the punch-marked symbols retaining 
their place on the later dies. 
209. A bixteen-petalled lotus. Fig. 148. 
Both this and No. 211, (fig. 147) are from large square copper coins 
from Bran. 
210. Cross and balls with ‘ Taurines ’ and ‘ Swastikas.’ Fig. 174. 
