1890.] P. N. Bose — ChhatHsgar : notes on its tribes, sects and castes. 279 
He held a bow aud fixed eleven pegs to that one stick, and played 
on it. 
• • • 
He approached the fire where Rikad Gawadi was sleeping. 
The giant seemed like a log lying close to the fire ; his teeth were 
hideously visible. 
His mouth was gaping.” 
The effect of music on the mind of a savage is well described. The 
old giant had, in fact, been so charmed that he gave Lingo free permis- 
sion to take his daughters away. Lingo brought them aud married 
them informally to the four Gonds of Kachikopa Lahugad. In time, 
however, they got jealous of Lingo, though most unreasonably, and 
killed him. 
I have not space for any more extracts from the songs, enough, 
however, has been quoted already to show how interesting they are, and 
how valuable from an ethnological point of view. 
The third song relates the revival of Lingo, and his delivery of the 
Gonds who had been imprisoned by Mahadeva on account of their filthy 
habits. The fourth song treats of the subdivision by Lingo of the Gonds 
into tribes, and the institution of the worship of the Gond gods ; and 
the fifth takes another step towards civilisation — the institution by 
Lingo of the rites of marriage among the Gonds. 
Distribution of the Gonds in Ghhattisgar. — The Gonds try to avoid 
the plain country where they have to compete with the Hindus and 
Satnami chamars, and prefer to live in the jungle-clad hills, especially 
in the feudatory states and zamindaries where they can satisfy their 
natural propensity for jungle produce, and where they can to a certain 
extent avoid using the plough which they hate. In that portion of the 
district of Raipur which is called khalsa (i. e., managed directly by the 
British Government), and which consists chiefly of an open plain coun- 
try, the Gonds form only 18'6 per cent, of the total population and the 
greater majority of them more or less Hinduised, whereas they muster 
strong in the feudatory states, especially in Kanker, which is entirely a 
hilly country, where they form no less than 62 per cent, of the total 
population. In the feudatory states of Khairagar, Nandgaon and 
Chhuikhadan, which, in their physical features combine the characters 
of Ranker and of the khalsa portion of Raipur, the Gonds form about 
24 per cent, of the entire population. 
Types of Glvilisation, — -There is another feature about the distribu- 
tion of the Gonds which is noteworthy. Those who have settled in the 
plain country approximate to the Hindus; indeed, aspire to pass as such. 
They have forgotten their dialect, and are often ashamed to own affinity 
