17. Salix lucida P®m. 
17 . Salix lucida. Adult leaves. 
18. Salix babylonica Linn. sp. pi. 1443 : Jf illd . sp.pl. IV, 
p. 671 : Pursh, p. 614 : Sahct. Wob . p. 43, t. 22 ! Pees Cyc. 
n. 42 . 
Flowers, April 1 8. 
Eng. Weeping Willow. 
Cultivated. The pistillate or female tree only, is known in this 
country, as well as in Europe. It is an ornamental Willow: with us 
it retains the verdure of its foliage longer in the fall of the year than 
any other Willow 5 and long after the deciduous forest trees have their 
leaves seared or fallen. “ It thrives best in a dry gravelly soil where 
it is 1 .ss apt to split or decay.” Sir J. E. Smith. 
19. Salix annularis Forbes, Salictum Woburnense,p. 41,f. 21. 
Cultivated. Eng. Ring leaved Willow. 
This curious leaved Willow is cultivated for its novelty. It 
is figured in the Salictum Woburnense. The drawings in that 
noble work on the Willows, are unrivalled for exactness of de- 
lineation, as well as for fidelity and beauty of coloring. 
20 . Salix nigra Marshall, Arh.p 29 " / Muhl. ..Mag, Nat. Fr. 
Ber IV, p. 237. t. 6, f. 5 . et Flor. Lancast. MSS. II, p. 772 ; 
fVi/ld. sp, pi. IV. p. 6d7 : Pursh, p. 614 : Elliott II, p. 670 : 
Darlington FI. Caestrica 2d Ed. p. 559. = S. caroliniana, 
Mich. jl. II, p. 226. et S. ligustrina? Michx. Sylv. II, p. 212, 
t. 125/. 2 
Flowers May 18 ; Capsules ripe June 18. 
Eng. Black or brittle willow, and wicker- willow. 
The young lea/es of this species in flowering time, are often 
subcordate at the base, and distinguishable by the white pubes- 
cence along the midrib, and on the young leaves. In autumn the 
leaves arc glabrous, narrow and mostly falcate. 
The fine twigs of this species are exceedingly brittle at the 
base. It is known to basket-makers as the 41 Wicker Willow,” 
and is much esteemed for its great elasiicity in fine kinds of 
wicker work. It approaches the nearest of any of the native 
Willows to S. triandra of Europe. This is the last of the 
Willows to flower. The capsules ripen in about a calendar 
month ; and this as a general rule will apply to the rest of the 
W lliows, varying but little in ordinary seasons. 
20. Salix nigra, Marshall. 
Specimens of adult leaves gathered in September, when they 
are glabrous and mostly falcate. 
NOTE RESPECTING THE PRESERVATION OF SPECIMENS 
OF WILLOWS. 
There is much difficulty in preserving specimens of Willows from the ravages of In- 
sects. This is particularly the case with the specimens of S. nigra, and some other 
species. The, following poisonous liquid should be carefully applied with a feather 
over every portion ol the specimens, and enough to saturate them : — Corrosive sublimate 
2 drachms; Alcohol 1 pint, mix. It is best to submit the specimens to this process be- 
fore they are fastened or glued on paper. The specimens should be examined several 
times a year, and the. poison renewed if Insects are found preying upon them, especial- 
ly about the flowers and capsules. A small brown beetle lays its eggs about the spe- 
cimens of willows, which become grubs. These rapidly prey on the pith of the aments, 
and also eat their way along the pith in the twigs. If the directions here recommend- 
ed are not attended to, collections of willows are soon ruined. In some instances it 
will be best to keep the specimens in a close fitting box with camphor. When the above 
directions are strictly attended to, the preservation of the specimens may be ensured. 
I would recommend collectors of specimens to submit their newly dried willows to this 
process without delay. This will also secure the flowers, and especially the filaments 
from the depredations of the Ptinus fur, L. so troublesome in Herbariums 
21. Salix Purshiana Spreng. Syst. 608 : Beck. Bat. p. 320 : =S. 
falcata, Pursh Flora Americas , Septr. IT, p. 614: Salictum Wob. 
p. 279,/ 148: Darlington Flor. Caestrica, 2d ed. p. 561. 
A small Tree' — Flowers, May 18. Capsules ripe June 18. 
Eng. Sickle-leaved Willow. 
In my specimens of what I consider S. falcata of Pursh, the leaves 
are narrow in flowering time, and attenuate at the base, as v ell as more 
serrate ; the capsules glabrous, and more turgid than S nigra. 
The tree is also smaller and its twigs finer. These twigs are equally 
valuable for fine wicker work withS. nigra. The leaves of this spe- 
cies are not readily distinguished in autumn from S. nigra. 
22. Salix pitcheriana* Barrait , mss. 
Hab. Arkansas. — Dr. Pitcher. Sea Islands of Georgia. 
_ This undescribed species is allied to S. nigra. I possess spe- 
cimens which have hern obligingly communicated by John Carey,- 
Esq, of New York. This Willow is killed by the winters of the 
Northern States. 
23. Salix longifolia Muhl. Mag. Nat. Fr. Berlin , IV, p, 238, 
*• VI,/ 6 ./ et Ann. Bot. II, t. V,/ 6. Muhl. Flor. Lancast. 
MSS II, p. 773. Willd , sp. pi. IV,/?. 670. Pursh FI. Am. 
613. Torrey Ann. Lyc. N. Y. II, p. 248, (excl. Syn. S. angustata, 
Ph.) Hooker. FI. Bor- Am. II, p. 148. = S. rubra. Richardson ] 
App. p. 37, n. 40, (non Hudson.) 
Eng. Long-leaved sand Willow. 
Flowers May 1-20. It flowers again sparingly at the ends of the 
twigs in August and September. It is frequently Androgynous. 
The mature capsules, however, have not been met with by me; and 
the pistillate plants growing here, are all abortive ! From these facts, 
I am led to believe, this Willow has been spread along the Banks of 
the Connecticut by its floods, or by drifting slips ; and has diffused 
itself by its extraordinary power of Rooting. See note. 
23. Salix longifolia. Shows its peculiar manner of Rooting in the 
sand. These fibrous Roots extend to great lengths. 
Hab, On the Banks of the Connecticut— Chatham shifting sands opposite the City 
of Middletown.— Along the banks of the River between this place ami Hartford —Plen- 
tiful at Wethersfield. it answers well for fine basket work, and the work < ontmues 
firm; but in working, the twigs are not as elastic as some other kinds • and they ate 
apt to crack, in bending over the upright rods or twigs. The ends of the twio/ofS 
longifolia are here killed by the frosts of winter. The staminate plant, properly ) has 
not been found by me growing about Middletown, notwithstanding its abundance • 
although staminate flowers appear at the extremities of some of the twigs sparingly in 
autumn! 1 possess specimens of the staminate amenis, collect'd by the late Mr 
Drummond in the Rocky Mountains, where he found it growing in the drifting sands* 
and the lamented Douglass, in his MSS. note accompanying his specimen before me’ 
says “ common near mountain springs, and streams on" the Columbia River and its 
tributaries near the mountains.” Dr. Richardson, also, collected the staminate and 
pistillate flowers in the North West Territory, York House, July 20. Dr. Houghton 
has, also, collected both kinds of flowers and ripe capsules! of this Willow 6 near 
the Falls of the Peckagama on the Mississippi. ’ . 
This Willow is found along the course of all, or most of the great Rivers of North Ame- 
rica, to the North West Coast; as well as in the Rocky Mountains. Itpiomises to be 
of especial value to protect sandy embankments and shifting sands, where "no other 
species will grow. In dry situations it seldom rises above two feet, but in a rich allu- 
vial soil, it will occasionally rise to eight, ten or twelve feet ! I have been surprised 
in tracing the length to which this Willow sends its long fibrous Roots in the sand. 
These Roots produce a succession ofstolons, and these in turn other new plants. This 
Willow accomplishes in the interior, what is done on the sands of the sea coast by the 
Ammophila arundinacea, Host, sea-reed, “ extensively employed in Norfolk and" Holland 
for preserving the banks of sand, which protect those countries from the inroads of the 
sea.”— Hooker’s Brit. Flora. 
This note has been added with the view of calling the attention of Engineers to the 
facts above stated. To show how little the operations of nature are at times understood 
I have seen with regret, attempts to destroy this Willow, where it was making "every 
exertion to cover a dreary surface of sand. It does not appear to spread in meadows- 
or pastures, although it is found to run when introduced in gardens and plantations. 
23. Salix longifolia. Fcem. May. 
23. Salix longifolia. Androgynous, 10-12 feet high. 
23. Salix longifolia. Adult leaves. 
23, Salix longifolia. Flowers at the ends of the branches 
collected in August and September ! 
