Sect. VI. ALB2E. Boner . 
24. Salix vitellina Linn. sp. pi. J442: Willd. sp. pi. IV, p. 668 : 
Smith FI. Bril. 1050 .* Pur sh, FI, Jim. II, p. 616 Salict. Wob.p.39 , 
t. 20 / Hooker Brit.Jl. 3 d ed.p. 423. 
Cultivated. Flowers, May 12. Eng. Yellow willow. 
I have only met with the pistillate tree of this ornamental Willow in the United 
Stales. It is a general favorite, and has been extensively planted. The charcoal made 
from its wood is greatly esteemed in the manufacture of gun-powder. If the staminate 
tree of the Yellow Willow were introduced into this country, and planted with the pis- 
tillate tree, it would take care of itself and find its way to places occupied with plants 
and Willows that yield little or no profit to the proprietors of such lands. According 
to Professor Pallas, the Yellow Willow is common all over Russia, and is used for 
Palms at Easter in the Greek Churches. Mr. Borrer, a gentleman who has greatly 
distinguished himself for his knowledge and classification of the British Willows, has 
sent me specimens of the male flowers of S. vitellina. I am also indebted to him for 
a fine set of British Willows; these have been of essential service to me in my re- 
searches on this intricate Genus; and I ought here also to state that I have derived 
much valuable aid in studying European Willows, from the British Flora of Sir W. J. 
Hooker. I am also indebted to Dr. Boott of London for a set of the Swiss Willows of 
Seringe, and to M. N. C. Seringe himself for his Essay and revised label sheets of 1824. 
Sect, VII. FULVgE. 
Amenta Mas, breviuscula cylindrica, cosetanea fulva ; 
Squamae flavae ; Stamina 2$ elongata divergentia ; e basi 
amenti prorump mtia. Am, Foem. laxa demum elongata; 
Germinibus longe pedicellatisj sericeis anguste lanceolatis. 
Frutex ramis dichotomis ; viminibus tenacibus. 
The ochry yellowness of the Ament, and Jong diverging stamens 
which expand first at the base, together with the general structure of 
the ament, its fructification and time of flowering, indicate n. 25 being 
nearer allied to sorneoi the European, than any of the American Wil- 
lows, known to me, or that I have had an opportunity to observe, in the 
living state. 
25. Salix rostrata Richardson, App. Fr. J. p. 37, (excl. Syn.) 
Hooker Flor. Bor- Am. II ,p. 147 / 
Flowers April 20-27. Eng. Ochre-flowered Willow. 
In my arrangement of the North American Willows adopted in the Flora Boreali- 
Americana of Sir W. J. Hooker, I had placed S. rostrata the last in Sect I. C1NEREAE, 
but further observations have induced me to rank it next to the CORDAT7E, 
In advening to the Flora of Sir VV. J. Hooker, I would here very respectfully take 
occasion to correct a slip of the pen in its Geography, as respects myself. In Vol. 
2, page 147, Sir William says, “Dr. Barratt finds the same species about Middletown, 
Pennsylvania.”— It should read Middletown, Connecticut, both here and at page 146. 
This species of willow though less abundant than several other kinds, is nevertheless 
found from Hudson’s Bay to the prairies ol the Rocky Mountains, and at the head 
waters of the Columbia. With us it attains a height of 10 to 15 feet. While in 
northern latitudes it becomes a small shrub. The branches of this willow are di- 
chotomously divided like the Hornbeam tree, Ostrya Virginica, Willd. The hark is ash 
colored, rough and furrowed — on the young twigs reddish brown. The largest individ- 
ual ofthis species I have met with, is on the grounds of Joseph W. Alsop, Esq. of this city. 
It is about sixteen feet high ! Besides this, several interesting willows grow at the 
same locality. I am under many obligations to this Gentleman for his kindness to me 
in protecting several rare species of willow found on his grounds. I would here also 
in general terms, present my thanks to several of the citizens of Middletown, for their 
kindness to mein preserving many rare willows for my examination. Without their lib- 
erality, I should have been unable to complete my course of observations during 
the last nine years ; besides enabling me to secure the required number of specimens, 
for the completion of this Work. 
25 Salix rostrata, Richardson. 
Adult leaves. 
Sect. VIII. CORDATE. 
Amenta sub-pedunculata, ovata cylindracea, cosetanea. 
Squamse subciliatse rubree vel fuscse. Siam. 2-3. Germin- 
ibus pedicellatis glabris. Folia cordata vel basi-attenuata, 
glabra. Stipulse semi-cordatse serratas. Frutices majus- 
culse ramis dichotomis, flexilibus glabris. 
Barratt in Hooker Flora Boreali-Amer. Vol, II, p 149. 
The aments in this section are invested with a double covering- ; the 
outer being a hard scale or shield ; the inner a thin Membranous 
Envelope. This last is generally ruptured transversly, and is elevated 
like a Cap or Calyptra on the summit of the expanding ament. This 
Membrane is sometimes found adhering to the inner surface of the hard 
scale or shield. It is most perfectly formed in S. Torreyana, and next 
with S, cordata. Both these species of willow begin to expend their 
filaments at the apex of the aments. The floral leaves (4 or 5) are from 
half to three quarters of an inch long. The fertile aments of S. 
rigida the largest of this section, when ripe form a densly fruited ra- 
ceme 3 to 4 inches long. The mature Germens are sub-rhombokfal at 
the base, and somewhat flattened, varying in color from green to a red- 
dish brown. 
26. Salix cordata Muhl. Ber. IV, p. 236, t. 6,/, 3 • Willd. sp . 
pi. IV, p. 666 : Muhl . FL Lane , MSS. II, p. 770; Pursh , II, 
p. 6 1 5 .* Salict. Wob. p. 27? a / 142/ Hooker Flor. Bor-Ani. 
II, p . 149. 
Flowers April 17 ; Capsules ripe May 18-20. 
Eng. Heart-leaved Willow. 
This handsome Willow abounds on the alluvial banks of the 
Connecticut River. It furnishes excellent twigs suitable for 
basket work. This species has a wide range on this conti- 
nent, and presents some interesting varieties in its leaves, 
color of bark etc. 
26. 
Salix cordata. 
Mas. flowers. 
26. 
Salix cordata. 
Capsules. 
27. Salix rigida Muhl. Ber. IV, p, 237, t. 6 f 4 : Willd. sp. 
pi. IV, p. 667 : Muhl. FI. Lane. MSS. II, p. 771 ; Pursh, II 
P- 615 : Loudon Cyc.pl . p. 822,/. 137187 Hooker , FI. Bor- 
Am. II, p. 149. = S. cordata Michx. Fl. II. p. 22 5. 
Flowers April 15 — Capsules ripe May 20. 
Eng. Rigid h°art-leaved Willow. Height, 10 to 15 feet. 
This strong and handsome species furnishes excellent twigs and 
rods for the heaviest kinds of basket work. This Willow and S. cor- 
data are very ornamental in groves and plantations. There arc 
several varieties of S. rigida, and of the aments 1 have met with great 
diversity. The largest of these catkins are Ij— 2 inches long, and when 
the flowering season is fine and the catkins have escaped being 
drenched with rain, I have found these flowers of great beauty, exhib- 
iting a play of colors from violet or purple to yellow; as the stamens 
rise over the tips of the scales from their downy bed, they yield the 
resplendent colors of the Rainbow, and this zone is carried symmetri- 
cally onward, by the successive elongation of the filaments. 
27. Salix rigida. 
Capsules. 
[ 27. Salix rigida. 
Adult Leaves. 
27. Salix rigida. 
Var. a Leaves. 
27. Salix rigida. 
Var. /3 Leaves. 
28. Salix angustata Pursh , Flor. Am. II, p. 613. 
Flowers April 15. Eng. Narrow-leaved heart Willow. 
This is an excellent osier though less abundant than the preceding 
species. There are several varieties ofthis, and S. cordata, which 
might be selected for cultivation, found on Willow Island, opposite 
Chatham, where a profusion of these Willows grow. 
29. Salix torreyana* Barratt, leaves heart-ovate, sharply point- 
ed ; H inch wide, 4 inches long; margin wavy and finely serrate; 
above smooth deep green, beneath paler; stipules large, \ to f of an 
inch broad, half heart-shaped. Mas. ament slender, when expanded 
\\ to 2 inches long; scales imbricate lanceolate blackish and ciliate; 
stamens 2, Aliments rather short. Foem. ament, rachis slender, clothed 
with soft, dull while hairs. Germens on short pedicels, smooth del- 
toid-lanceolate; stigma four parted; in flowering time flesh-colored, 
mature capsules green, somewhat compressed ; twigs tough, smooth, 
greenish purple. Adult leaves coriaceous. 
Flowers April 12-78. 
Eng. Torrey’s heart-leaved Willow. 
I have named this hitherto undescribed species, in compliment to ray highly valued 
friend, Professor!. Torrey, ofNew-York. The pistillate plant ofthis handsome Mil- 
low grows plentifully in the Middletown Meadows, on the Banks of Little River. The 
staminate plant is here rare. I have cultivated and observed ii in its different stages for 
a number of years. I have also planted it with other interesting Willows in the gar- 
dens of N. Starr, Esq., and Samuel Russell, Esq., of this city This ornamental 
Willow seldom exceeds 8 or 10 feet in height; and will be readily recognized in Au- 
tumn from the other Willows of this fine Group, by its broad heart shaped, glossy, deep- 
green leaves, wavy margin, and sharp point; a, so by its large stipules. The 
staminate p^ant, in flowering time, may also be distinguished by its long and slender 
catkins, and the absence of the irised ring or zone, exhibited by S. rigida and S. cordata 
in flowering time, when the anthers are elevated above their respective scales and short 
fine hairs. The pistillate plant may also be distinguished early in spring by its deli- 
cate flesh-colored four parted stigma. The leaves do not blacken in drying like those 
of S myricoides, to which there is some resemb'ance ; although this Willow differs in 
other respects essentially from the ast named species, and is very distinct from S. rigida 
and S. cor ata. This is probably one of the best native Willows we possess, for pro- 
tecting the banks of rivers with rapid currents. It does not grow as high, and is more 
disposed to spread in these situations than its congeners, S. cordata and S. iigida. It 
furnishes abundance of stout twigs or rods. 
