* 
INTRODUCTION. 
Lxxxiii 
with the first, second, and third quills nearly equal, hut the second the longest ; the shoulder armed with a short, 
blunt spur. Tail lengthened and composed of broad feathers, with the end rather rounded. Tarsi nearly as 
long as the middle toe, exclusive of the claw ; the fore toes strong and fully webbed, and the hind toe moderate 
and strongly lobed. 
Order PYGOPODES. 
Family P0DICIPEDID.ZE1. Gkebes. 
Genus PODICEPS, Latham. Cosmopolite. 
Gen. char. — Bill more or less long, strong, straight, the culmen slightly curved at the tip, which is acute and 
entire ; the sides much compressed, and the gonys short and advancing upwards to an acute point ; the nostrils 
placed in a short groove, with the opening longitudinal and exposed. Wings short and pointed, with the first or 
sometimes the second quill the longest, and slightly emarginated near the tips. Tail short, not apparent. Tarsi 
shorter than the middle toe, much compressed, the anterior and posterior edges covered with small scales, which 
are serrated posteriorly, and the sides with transverse scales. Toes long, the outer the longest, depressed, margined 
on the sides, especially on the inner side, and united at the base to the middle toe; the hind toe short and strongly 
lobed ; the claws short, very broad, flat, and obtuse. 
Order IMPE NN E S. 
Family SPHENISCID.ZE. Penguins. 
Genus EUDYPTES, Vieillot. Southern Hemisphere. 
Gen. char. — Bill more or less long, straight, much compressed, and grooved on the sides, and the culmen 
rounded and curved at the tip, which is acute ; the end of the lower mandible truncated, and the gonys moderate 
and advancing upwards ; the nostrils linear, placed in the lateral groove, which extends for three fourths of the length 
of the bill ; and the frontal plumes advancing to the opening. Wings imperfect. Tail long, and composed of narrow 
rigid feathers* Tarsi very short, much flattened, and covered with small scales. Toes long and strong, with the 
anterioi ones united to the middle one by a web, the lateral toes unequal, the outer the longest; the hind toe very 
small, and united to the tarsus at the base of the inner toe ; the claws strong, compressed, and slightly curved. 
Genus EUDYPTULA, Bonaparte. Australia and New Zealand. 
(ten. char. Bill moderate, much compressed, and strong, with the culmen rounded and curved at the tip, 
which is acute ; the tip of the lower mandible suddenly truncated, and the gonys moderate and curved upwards ; 
the nostrils rather rounded, and placed in the lateral groove near the middle of the bill. Wings imperfect, and 
covered with scale-like plumes. Tail very short. Tarsi very short, thick, flattened, and covered with small scales. 
Toes long, the lateral ones unequal and united to the middle toe by a web ; the hind toe very small, and united to 
the tarsus at the base of the inner toe ; the claws long, compressed, and slightly curved. 
Genus APTENODYTES, Forster. High southern latitudes only. 
Gen. char. — Bill longer than the head, rather slender, compressed on the sides, slightly bent at the end, with the 
base of the upper mandible covered with short close-set plumes, and the side grooved to near the tip, which is acute; 
the lower mandible covered with a smooth naked skin ; the nostrils linear, and placed in the lateral groove. Wings 
imperfect, and covered with scale-like plumes. Tail very short, and composed of narrow rigid feathers. Tarsi very 
short, flattened, and covered with short plumes. Toes rather short and depressed, the anterior ones united by a 
web; the hind toe very small, and almost entirely connected to the inner side of the tarsus; the claws large, 
depressed, and very slightly curved. 
