Obdek PASSERES.] 
[Eam. TURNAGRID^E. 
TUENAGEA CE ASSIEOSTEIS. 
(SOUTH-ISLAND THRUSH.) 
Thick-hilled Thrush , Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1 , p. 34, pi. xxxvii. (1783). 
Tanagra capensis, Sparrm. Mus. Carls, pi. 45 (1787). 
Turdus crassirostris, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 815 (1788, ex Lath.). 
Lanius crassirostris, Cuv. Regn. Anim. p. 338 (1817). 
Campephaga ferruginea, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. x. p. 48 (1817). 
Tanagra macularia, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de l’Astr. i. p. 186, pi. vii. fig. 1 (1830). 
Teropia crassirostris, Gray, List of Gen. of B. p. 28 (1840). 
Turnagra crassirostris, id. op. cit. p. 38 (1841). 
Loscia turdus, Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 85 (1844). 
Otagon turdus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 374 (1850). 
Ceropia crassirostris, Sundev. Krit. Framst. Mus. Carls, p. 9 (1857). 
Turnagra turdus, Gray, IIand-1. of B. i. p. 284 (1869). 
Ad. suprk olivaceo-brunneus, pileo vix cinerascente irregulariter fulvo striato : tectricibus alarum dorso concoloribus, 
rufo terminatis, fasciam duplicem alarem exbibentibus : remigibus brunneis, exths dorsi colore marginatis, 
pnmarns ad basin rufo lavatis : supracaudalibus rufo tinctis, imis omniub rufis : cauda, bete rufa, rectricibus 
duabus mediis et reliquarum apicibus olivaceo-brunneis : loris cum regione oculari genisque brunneis pallide 
iufo maculatis : regione parotica pileo concolore, anguste fulvo striata : subtus olivascens, gutture toto 
rufescente lavato, plumis medialiter fulvescentibus : pectoris plumis medialiter albidis, utrinque olivaceo 
marginatis, quasi striatis : pectore superiore vix rufescente lavato : hypoebondriis magis olivascentibus ; 
abdomine imo et subcaudalibus flavo lavatis : subalaribus rufis : rostro pedibusque saturate brunneis : iride 
flavfi. 
•Adult. General plumage olive-brown, darker on the upper parts; forehead, lores, throat, and sides of neck 
largely marked with rufous ; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts covered with broad longitudinal spots 
of yellowish white, narrower towards the sides of the body ; on the abdomen and under tail-coverts less of 
the olive-brown, with a strong tinge of yellow; wing-feathers dark olive-brown, dusky on their inner webs ; 
the superior and lesser wing-coverts largely tipped with rufous, forming two broad transverse bars ; lining 
of wings pale rufous ; tail, for the most part, with the upper coverts bright rufous, the two middle feathers 
and the apical margins of the rest olive-brown, only slightly tinged with rufous. Irides yellow ; bill and 
feet dark brown. Total length 11 inches; wing, from flexure, 5 ; tail 5 ; bill, along the ridge '7, along the 
edge of lower mandible "8 ; tarsus 1'25 ; middle toe and claw 1*15 ; hind toe and claw 1. 
\oung. May be distinguished from the adult by the larger amount of rufous colouring on the forehead, sides of 
the head, throat, and upper wing-coverts. 
Obs. In some specimens the bend of the wing and the exterior edges of the outer primaries are also marked 
with rufous. The colour of the bill likewise varies, in different examples, from a light brown to dusky 
black. 
1ms fine species is confined to the South Island. Formerly it was excessively abundant in all the 
elevated wooded country ; but of late years it has become comparatively scarce, while in some districts 
