Oedeb C0LUMIS2E.] 
[Fam. COITJMBIDiE. 
CAEPOPHAGA NOVA] ZE ALANDIiE. 
(NEW-ZEALAND PIGEON.) 
New-Zealand Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 640 (1783). 
Columba novae seelandice, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 773 (1788). 
Columba zealandica, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 603 (1790). 
Columba spadicea, Less. Yoy. Coq. i. p. 710 (1826). 
Columba spadicea leucophcea, Hombr. & Jacq. Ann. Sci. Nat. xvi. p. 319 (1841). 
Carpophaga novae seelandice. Gray, in Dieff. Trav. ii., App. p. 194 (1843). 
Columba cirgetrcea, Forst. Descr. Anim. p. 80 (1844). 
Hemipliaga novce-zealandice, Bonap. C. R. xxxix. p. 1077 (1854). 
Native names. — Kuku, Kukupa, and Kereru. 
Ad. dorso seneo-ferrugineo : pileo antico lsete metallice viridi, postice cum nucha et colli lateribus magis seneo 
nitentibus, his cyanescente tinctis : dorso postico et uropygio nitide viridibus cyanescente la vat is, supra- 
caudalibus olivascenti- viridibus seneo lavatis : tectricibus alarum minoribus et majoribus dorso proximis 
seneo-ferrugineis dorso concoloribus, majoribus et medianis exterioribus nitide viridibus : remigibus nigris 
suprh cyanescenti-viridi nitentibus, secundariis seneo lavatis : cauda nigra supra saturate viridi lavatfl, subtus 
nigricante, pennis omnibus versus apicem cinerascentibus : facie laterali cum gutture toto et pectore superiore 
lsetissime metallice viridibus : corpore reliquo subtus pure albo : subcaudalibus cinerascentibus : subalaribus 
cinereis : rostro coccineo, versus apicem flavicante : pedibus coccineis : iride cocci nca, annulo ophthalmieo 
pallide rubro. 
Adult male. Head, neck, and fore part of breast shining gold-green, changing according to the angle of view ; 
nape, shoulders, and upper surface of wings, as far as the carpal joint, coppery purple, with bright metallic 
reflections where this colour blends with the green of the surrounding parts ; back and rump greyish green, 
with dull metallic reflections ; quills and their coverts bronzy green, with the inner webs dusky, the second- 
aries tinged with coppery purple ; an obscure band of grey (more conspicuous in the young bird) crossing 
the outer webs of the primaries, being widest on the fifth and sixth quills ; tail-feathers black, with blue 
reflections on their edges, and terminally margined Avith brown ; under surface of tail-feathers silvery grey 
towards the base, especially on the outer ones, blackish in their apical portion, Avith lighter tips ; their 
upper coverts dull shining green ; underparts from the breast downwards pure white, the lower tail-coverts 
tinged with yelloAv; lining of wings delicate ash-grey. The line of demarcation between the lustrous green 
and the white is well defined, crossing the breast with an easy curve and terminating immediately aboA r e the 
insertion of the wings, so that when the bird is at rest a narroAv margin of white appears over the bend of 
each wing. Irides and feet carmine-red ; soles yellow and covered Avith small flattened papillae ■ claws 
black; bill carmine-red in its basal half, changing to yellow towards the tip ; eyelids pale red, with a reti- 
culate margin, imparting to the brilliantly coloured eyes a very soft expression. Total length 21 inches • 
extent of Aving 32; wing, from flexure, 1075 ; tail 8 5; bill, along the ridge 75, along the edge of lower 
mandible 1-4 ; middle toe and claAV 2'25 ; the lateral toes equal, being 75 shorter ; hind toe 1-4. 
Female. Hardly distinguishable from the male, but with the metallic tints of the plumage somewhat duller. 
Young. The bronzy plumage of the neck and breast has much less iridescence than in the adult, but the hind 
neck and smaller wing-coverts are of a rich metallic purple shot with blue and changing in different lights ; 
2 H 
