7 
1891.] W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of Enga.no. 
habitual as in the Nicobars. They keep fowls and a few pigs, feeding 
both on cocoa-nuts, and are expert in spearing fish and turtle. Thanks 
to this abundant diet and the rarity of famines, they have lost the 
woodman’s instincts, and are little better acquainted with the forest and 
its vegetable and animal products, than are the rice-growing Malays of 
Borneo and Sumatra, who scarcely know the names of the commonest 
trees. 
Their origin will perhaps puzzle future investigators. Though 
their physiognomy is odd and characteristic, they seem to be more or 
less allied to the Nicobarese, but without the negrito strain which seem- 
ed to me obvious in some members of that race. The theory has been 
advanced that the Nicobarese are of Shan or Siamese blood, no doubt 
on philological grounds, as there is no personal resemblance. On the 
other haud, the Malays are physically almost indistinguishable from the 
Siamese, and may roughly be defined as a Shan people, just touched 
with Polynesian blood in a few localities, and speaking a Polynesian 
language slightly mongolized. 
A list of Euganese words is given in the article I have mentioned. 
The enunciation is curiously different from the Malay, and is difficult 
to follow, the vowels appearing to be uttered in several different tones, 
as in Shan or Chinese. As in Nicobarese, euphony is spoilt by the ex- 
cessive number of imperfect k’s and ng’s (the French n nasal). These 
consonants, which rarely occur in Polynesian languages, except the 
Malay, are generally absent in the personal and place-names, which 
usually have a strikingly Polynesian air. I spent much of my time at 
Kayapu, where Pahakela (the p is always pronounced halfway between 
a p and an /) was chief : the names would be natural in New Zealand or 
Hawaii. 
There seem to be no indigenous mammals on the island except bats, 
wild pigs and a Paradoxurus. This absence of four-footed enemies may 
have been one cause of the excessive multiplication of birds. One sees 
more birds in a day in Engano, than in a month in Borneo or Sumatra, 
and coming from the latter island I was struck with their exceeding 
tameness. I saw four sorts of parrots and three of pigeons ; the latter 
are never out of sight, the former keep up a deafening noise all day. 
The species seem generally different from the Sumatran, and no doubt 
some are undescribed. I think an ornithologist could do good work in 
Engano. 
I think I got nine or ten sorts of land shells of which the greater 
number must be new. My small collections of moths and beetles were 
sent to England. The striking features of the latter were the prevalence 
of Elateridce and the extreme rarity of Phyllophaga. No Cassida was 
taken at all. 
