8 
W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of Eng ano. [No. 1, 
Frogs, toads, snakes and lizards all abounded, and it is evident that 
the island has been at one time connected with the mainland, especially 
as a true cyprinoid fish appears to occur in the stroams of the highlands. 
The coral crust does not imply the entire submergence of the island, 
while the number of peculiar butterflies shows its long isolation. 
The forest is finest on the western coast, where the coral crust is 
thin or broken. The vegetation is there nearly as grand as on the 
mountain slopes of Sumatra. This side of the island is evidently very 
rainy. Even the comparatively barren eastern coast seems well suited to 
some plants, and in some places the pandani, which do not form thickets 
by themselves, as in the Nicobars, but grow among other trees, reach a 
surprising height, one I saw being fully a hundred feet high. 
I caught fifty-eight kinds of butterflies, and saw two or three more 
on the day I landed. Three days of heavy rain followed, after which 
insects wore scarce, and I obtained good sets of only a few species. 
The heavy forests of the interior scarcely produced anything but Cyres- 
tis periander, Mycalesis mineus, Amathusia amythaon, Eooxylides tharis, 
and Paragerydus unicolor. Most of the peculiar Danaidce occurred only 
close to the shore. Examination of the inland forest at another season 
may produce true endemic species, such as have been found in Nias. 
Should any future collector visit the island, I recommend liua-bua, near 
the western coast, as the best collecting ground, and April or May as the 
best season. My own visit was in September, 1890, and lasted three 
weeks. 
The species are mostly local forms of widely spread species. I have 
felt obliged to give names to thirteen of them, including nearly all of 
the Danaidoe, and these should in most cases rather be called sub- 
species than species, but as I always give the name of the parent form, 
this ought to cause no difficulty. My types will be placed in the 
collection of the Hon. L. W. Rothschild. I have endeavoured to make 
in the text such comparisons as I could with the species taken by Herr 
Kheil in Nias, but I find it difficult to sum up the results. 
While I have a few criticisms to make on Mr. Moore’s woll-known 
monograph of the Danaidoe,* I do not wish to appear ungrateful for the 
help he has there given to all students of this group. Though some 
have objected, he seems to have done right in giving names to the nu- 
merous subdivisions he has made. At the same time, most of them 
seem scarcely worthy of a higher rank than that of subgenera, and some 
are founded on minute and unreliable characters. + His classification 
* In the Proceedings of the Zoologioal Society for 1883. 
t Such as the rudimentary recurrent vein in the cell of the forewing, a feature 
