10 
W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of JEngano. [No. 1, 
Eupluia and Uamadryas. The only difference mentioned, is that in the 
former there is usually a precostal cell in the hindwing, wanting in the 
latter. Now, it is true, an obscure rudiment of one is present in some 
species, but better distinctions can easily be found. Uamadryas pro- 
bably does not belong to this family, but to the Neotropidce.* Hestia 
has undoubted affinities with Danais in its neuration and markings, but 
in its anal tufts, its egg, and the structure of its feet, it is more like 
Euploea, while its antennas show how remote it is from either. So I 
would suggest the following classification instead of Mr. Moore’s. 
Tarsi with large paronychia and pulvillus. Anal tufts two or four. 
Antennai filiform, Hestia Group. 
„ clavate, Eupliea Group. 
Tarsi with rudimentary paronychia and pulvillusf. Anal tufts two. 
Danais Group. 
Mr. Butler, to whom we owe the classification of the Euplceas by 
the male marks, accepted, as all previous writers had done, Cramer’s 
core as the type of the genus, and formed the genus Macroploea, with elisa 
as its type, applying Hiibner’s name Crastia to climena and its allies. 
This arrangement has been generally adopted, and it is most unfortunate 
that Mr. Moore should alter all three names on what may be called 
archaeological grounds. Gore has been accepted for a century as the 
* I do not know whether Schatz’s name can stand, as it is not derived from 
that of any genus, and has no type. The name Erycinidce has been dropped by some 
writers for this reason, the generic name Erycina having been superseded. 
t The appendages of the last joint of the tarsi of butterflies are, 1st, the claws, 
2nd, the paronychia, 3rd, the pulvillus with its shield. The paronychia are taotile 
organs, one on each side of the foot, slendor and flexible (not jointed as some 
writers have said), covered with short sensitive hairs or papilla. In most cases 
they are split into two long flngor-like process, the longer following the course of 
the claws, the shorter curling round the edge of the pulvillus-sheatb, obviously with 
the object of examining the surfaces touohed by these two organs. The pulvillus 
is a soft, muscular projection, resembling an additional tarsal joint, but not armour- 
olad like the others. It is evidently intended to act as a buffer, to break the 
shock of alighting, and no doubt owes its name pulvillus , or cushion, to this func- 
tion. Its lateral surface is sensitive, with papillm like those on the paronychia. 
Bnt its lower surface is oovered with a round oorneous plate, or shield, which no 
doubt acts as a sucker, flexible in life, slightly concave in the middle. This is 
easily detaohed in dried specimens. 
Now in certain butterflies of aerial habits like Danais, the claws have been 
greatly lengthened, so that the pulvillus did not touch the surface on alighting. 
I hus losing all function, it has shrunk into a small, hard, inflexible mass. The 
paronychia have similarly lost their use, and remain in various stages of obso- 
lescence. they are still distinct in Ideopsis, and retain their bifid shape, though too 
small to be of use. 
