1(5 
W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of Engano. [No. 1, 
many other moths.* They exist in a very rudimentary state in the 
female, and can as in the male be forced to the surface by the action of 
the fluids in the body. From some such small beginning, they have 
grown to their greatest development, several stages of the process re- 
maining as fixed characters in the different genera. The smallest tufts 
occur in Radena vulgaris; they are much longer in R. juventa. The 
greatest development of simple tufts occurs perhaps in TJhiphea ( Trepsi- 
chrois ) midamus. In all the species of the Danais group the tufts are 
simple and single, only in Tirumala the hairs are curled at the tips. 
They are also simple in the majority of the old genus Euploea, and I limit 
the name to these. The gland in all these consists, when protruded, of 
a finger-like projection extending laterally on each side of the abdomen, 
and bent round forwards (i. e., towards the head) in a semicircle, bearing 
long odoriferous hairs to the very tip. 
But in the genus Salpinx, as limited by Mr. Butler (including Mr. 
Moore’s Salpinx, Isamia, Pademma, Satanga and Selinda, but not apparent- 
ly Danisepa), and also in his genus Galliploea,\ while the gland is similar 
(somewhat longer and more bent), the long hairs are gathered chiefly 
around its base, the outer part being naked, except at the extreme tip, 
where there is a brush of short, stiff bristles, sometimes coloured differ- 
ently from the long basal hairs. This terminal brush is only seen when 
the gland is fully protruded. The development of this form from the 
first is obvious. This group is also large, but the number of species 
seems to me to have been greatly exaggerated. 
In more advanced forms, a new gland, generally somewhat shorter 
than the other, has been pushed out from its hairy base on the ante- 
rior side. In this case both glands are covered with hair to the tip, 
the space between their bases being naked. This occurs in the genus 
llestia, and apparently also in Macroploea and Stictoploea% as defined 
by Mr. Butler. 
Finally in the single genus Nectaria, while the posterior tuft 
remains unchanged, the anterior or last developed one is again absorbed, 
aud is represented by a microscopic tuft at the base of the other. This 
can hardly be the incipient stage, as it is too small to be of any use, and 
the nature of its origin is obviously as given above. It hence appears 
# In most moths these tufts are attached to the prehensors or clasping-organs 
of the male. 
t Herr Georg Semper and Dr. Haase consider Galliploeu identical with 
Euploea (i. e., Macroploea), but I cannot agree with them. Galliploea scarcely differs 
from Salpinx. 
X My drawings of the glands of Macroploea and Stictoplcea were lost in 1887, 
and I have not examined those organs since. But my impression is that they are 
very similar to those of Hestia , though somewhat less developed. 
