1891.] W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of Engano. 
17 
that Nectaria has attained the furthest development in this regard, and 
may still with good reason be retained at the head of the Danaulee, and 
of all butterflies. 
The following scheme will serve to show the relations of the genera 
of this family. Mr. Moore’s genera may be reduced to subgenera, 
though Parantiea and perhaps one or two others may be retained. 
A. Feet with well-developed paronychia and pulvillus, 
B. Forewing with a prediscoidal cell. 
C. Anal glands four, two aborted, Nectaria. 
C. Anal glands four, none aborted, Hestia. 
B. Forewing with no prediscoidal cell. 
C. Glands four (?), none aborted. 
D. Forewing of male with no brand, ... MacropweA. 
D. Forewing of male with two brands, ... Stictoplcea, 
0. Glands two, tufts four, Salpinx.* 
0. Glands ttvo, tufts two, Bupliea. 
A. Feet with rudimentary paronychia and pulvillus. 
B. Hindwing triangular, xvith scent-pouches, ...... Danais. 
B, Hindwing triangular, without scent-pouches,... Radena. 
B. Hindwing rounded, generally without scent- 
pouches Ideopsis. 
There seem to be grounds for believing that the scent-tufts in 
the male serve three distinct purposes, 1st, to warn off enemies, 2nd, to 
attract the female by colour, 3rd, to attract her by odour. f 
1st. The odours given forth are in some cases unpleasant. In 
Danais limmace, it is that of turmeric, and is downright disagreeable. 
Other species of Danais have the peculiar aromatic fragrance charac- 
teristic of so many protected Mediterranean plants. In the genus 
Salpinx, in which the tufts reach their greatest development in size, 
the odour, though exceedingly sweet, is almost overpowering. Now it 
may at first sight seem absurd to say that the scout of honey may pro- 
tect an insect from its enemies. But we know this to be sometimes 
the ease. The male of the singular Hesperian, Galliana pieridoides has 
assumed conspicuous white colours along with a delicious odour, the 
female remaining dark and odourless. J The fine Malayan Morphid, 
* Including Calliplaa. 
+ Tlie odour is not always present, hut comes and goes, whether by the ex- 
haustion of the supply, or hy the will of the insect, it would be interesting to learn. 
1 have sometimes examined the tufts of several males one after the other, without 
detecting the perfume. 
1 Mr. de Nioeville reoently discovered tlie female, and it turned out to be dark, 
as I had predicted. 
3 
