18 W. Doherty — A List of the Butterflies of Engan o. [No. 1, 
Melanocyma faunula, is saturated with sweet perfumes, and drifts feebly 
about the country, foarless of enemies. The fragrant butterflies of the 
genera Stichophtlialma and Tcenaris, though no doubt not so completely 
protected, are so conspicuously coloured and fly so feebly, that one can- 
not suppose them to be eaten by birds. The Ornithopteras, though I 
have shown by experiment that they are protected from some enemies, 
smell of nothing worse then petunias- I have heard that cattle will not 
touch peppermint or pennyroyal, though the scent of those plants is so 
pleasant to us. On the whole I do not doubt that slow-flying, brilliant- 
ly-coloured insocts like Trepsichrois and Salpinx are more or less pro- 
tected by their scent-tufts. 
2nd. Colour in the tufts seems a later development than odour. 
In Badena, where they are least developed, the tufts are of very 
inconspicuous hues. In Danais they are usually not at all brilliant, 
though it must be admitted that the odours are also less developed in 
these. But in some species the hairs are curled,* and this may be an 
ornamental development. In the Euploeas the growth of colour and 
odour go on pari passu. The brilliant ochreous tufts of Trepsichrois 
contrast finely with the black and shining blue of the wings, and are 
visible from a long distance. This colour appears in a great many 
species. In Salpinx the tufts are still larger, and the small terminal 
pair are frequently coloured differently from the others. In Hestia the 
anterior tuft seems usually coloured otherwise than the posterior, though 
in H. cadellii they are both dull grey. 
3rd. The great majority of the family smell of honey or of 
flowers — vanilla, tuberoses, jasmine, etc., and outside of the Danais 
group, the only aberrant perfume I can remember is that of winter- 
green, f which is also found in butterflies of other families, and in Pyra- 
lid and Geometrid moths. But honey- and flower-like smells are the 
rule. This suggests the possibility that the odour-producing particles 
may not be manufactured by the insects, but be derived directly from 
the plants they frequent. At any rate the attractive scent must often 
be identical with that of the flowers on which they feed. So that it 
does not seem incredible that the female should sometimes be wooed 
under false pretences, and led to expect a dinner instead of a lover. 
Male Euploeas often meet in great swarms, haunting some particular 
spot in the forest for many successive days, some perching on leaves and 
flowers, but most circling slowly around, many of them displaying their 
tufts, so that the air is noticeably permeated with their fragrance. 
Many different species meet on these occasions, as if recognizing the 
* This is also the case with a few Euplceas, such as alcathoe. 
t The same smell is given out by several tropical plants. 
