BUD 
BUD 
cf tiifi buclilers were curiously adometl witli 
al! sorts of figures of birds and beasts, as 
ea'^des, lions ; nor of tliese only, but of the 
gods, of the cele.stial bodies, and all f,he 
works of nature ; which custom was de- 
rived from tiie heroic times, and from them 
comnmnicated to the Grecians, Romans, 
and Barbarians. 
BncKr.Eifs, votive. Those consecrated 
to tlie gods, and hung up in their temples, 
either in commemoration of some hero, or 
as a thanksgiving for a victory obtained 
over an enemy ; whose bucklers, taken in 
war, were oft'ered as a tro|)hy. 
BUCKRAM, in commerce, a sort of 
coarse cloth made of hemp, gummed, ca-i 
lendered, and dyed several colours. It is 
put into those places of the lining of a gar- 
ment, wliich one would have stilf and to 
keep their forms. It is also used in the bo- 
dies of w'omen's gowns ; and it often serves 
to make wrappers to cover clofh,s, serges; 
and such otiier merchandises, in order to 
preserve them and keep them from the 
dust, and their colours from fading. 
BUCOLIC, in ancient poetrj', a kind of 
poem relating to shepherds and country af- 
fairs, which, according to the most gene- 
rally received opinion, took its rise in Si- 
cily. 'Bucolics, says Vossius, have .some 
conformity with comedy. Like it, they 
are pictures and imitations of ordinary life ; 
with this difference, however, that comedy 
represents the manners of the inhabitants 
of cities ; and bucolics, the occupations of 
country people. Sometimes, continues he, 
this last poem is in form of a monologue, 
aud sometimes of a dialogue. Sometimes 
there is action in it, and sometimes only 
nairation ; and sometimes it is composed 
both of action and narration The hex- 
ameter verse is the most proper for bueolics 
in the Greek and Latin tongues. Moschus, 
Bion, Tlieocritiis, and Virgil, are the most 
renowned of the ancient bucolic poets. 
BUDDLEA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Adam Buddie, a genus of the 
Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Personatm. Sciophu- 
lariae, Jussieu. Essential character ; calyx 
four-cleft ; corol four-cleft ; stanmns from 
the divisions ; capsules two-furrowed, two- 
celled, many-seeded. There are eight spe- 
cies, of which B. americana, long spiked 
buddlea, is a shrid) the heiglit of a man ; 
leaves ovate-lanceolate ; (lowers in long 
slender, spikes, axillary, and terminating; 
composed of little, opposite, many-tlower- 
ed, crow'ded racemes ; corolla coriaceous, 
scarcely longer than the cal3’^x. B. occi- 
dentalis; spear-leaved buddlea ; this plant 
is much taller than the first, and divides into 
a greater number of slender branches, which 
are covered with a russet hairy bark, with 
long spear-shaped leaves, ending in sharp 
points ; these grow opposite at every joint ; 
at the end of the br:Miches are produced 
spikes of white flowers, growing in whorls 
round the stalks. It grows in sheltered 
places m the West Indies, being too tender 
to r»sist tlie force of strong winds. 
BUDDING, in gardening, is a method 
of propagation, practised for various sorts 
of trees, but particularly those of the fruit 
kinds. It is the only method which can be 
had recourse to with certainty, for conti- 
nuing and mnltiplying the approved varie- 
ties of many sorts of fruit and other trees ; 
as although their seeds readily grow, and 
become trees, not one out of a hundred, 
so raised, produces any thing like the ori- 
ginal; and but very few that are good. 
But trees or stocks raised in this manner, 
or being budded with tlie proper sorts, the 
buds produce invariably the same kind of 
tree, fruit, fiower, &c. continuing unalte- 
rably the same afterwards. 
The stocks for this use are commonly 
raised from seed, as the kernels or stones 
of these different sorts of fruit, &c. sown in 
autumn or spring in beds, in the nursery, an 
inch or two deep, which, when a year or 
two old, should be transplanted into nursery 
rows, two feet asunder, and fifteen or eigh- 
teen inches distant in tlie rows, to stand for 
budding upon, keeping them to one stem, 
and suffering tlieir tops to run up entire; 
when of two or three years growth, or about 
the size of the little finger at bottom, or a 
little more, tiiey are of due size for bud- 
ding upon. 
Stocks raised from suckers arising from the 
roots of the trees of tiiese different sorts, lay- 
ers, and cuttings of them, are also made use 
of, but they are not so good foi- the purpose. 
Budding may likewise be performed occa- 
sionally upon trees that already bear fruit, 
when intended to change the sorts, or have 
difierent sorts on the same tree, or to re- 
new any particular branch of a tree ; the 
oriieration being performed on the yoniig 
sliools of the year, or of one or tw'o year’s 
growtii only. The most proper hcigljt to 
bud stocks varies according to the inten- 
tion, but from about three or four inches 
to six feet or more from tiic ground is prac- 
tised. To have dwarf trees for walls and 
espaliers, &c. they must be budded from 
R 2 
