BUL BUL 
five or six inches a-part Two-headed bul- 
lets, called also angles, two halves of a bul- 
let, joined by a bar or chain. 
The diameter of a leaden bullet, weigh- 
ing one pound, is 1.69 inches, according to 
Sir Jonas Moore; or by a table in Muller’s 
“ Treatise of Artillery,” 1.672 inches ; and 
the diameter of any other bullet is found 
by dividing 1.69 inches by the cube root of 
the number, which expresses how many of 
them make a pound ; or by subtracting con- 
tinually the third part of the logarithm of 
the number of bullets in the pound, from 
the logarithm .2278867 of 1.69, and the dif- 
ference will be the logarithm of the diame- 
ter required. Thus the diameter of a bul- 
let, of which 12 make a pound, will be 
found by subtracting .3597270, a third part 
of 1.0791812 the logaritfim of 12, from the 
given logarithm .2278867 ; or becaojse this 
logarithm is less than the former, an unit 
must be added, so as to have 1.2278867 ; 
and tlien the difference .8681597 will b(t 
the logarithm of the diameter sought, which 
is .738 inches, observing that the number 
found will he always a decimal, because the 
number subtracted is greater than the 
other. We may also deduce tlie diameter 
of any bullet from its given weight, pro- 
vided that the specific gravity of lead is 
known ; for, since a cubic foot of lead 
weighs It 325 ounces, and 678 is to 355 as 
the cube of a foot or 12 inches, i. e. 1728, 
to tlie content of a sphere, which is there- 
fore ,5929.7 ounces ; and since spheres are 
as the cubes of their diameters, the weight 
6929.7 is to 16 ounces, or one pound, as the 
cube 1728 is to the cube of the diameter of 
a sphere, which weighs sixteen ounces or 
one pound ; which cube is 4.66263, and its 
root is 1.6706, the diameter sought. 
By the rule above laid down is calculated 
the following table, shewing the diameters 
of leaden bullets, from 1 to 39 in tlie pound. 
TABLE. 
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
0 
0 
1.69 
1.341 
1.172 
1.064 
0.988 
0.930 
0.883 
0.845 
0.812 
1 
0.784 
0,760 
0.738 
0.719 
0.701 
0.685 
0.671 
0.657 
0.645 
0.633 
2 
0.623 
0.612 
0.603 
0.594 
0.586 
0.578 
0.670 
0..563 
0.556 
0.550 
3 
0.544 
0.537 
0.632 
0.527 
0.521 
0.517 
0.512 
0.507 
0.503 
0.498 
The upper horizontal column shews the 
number of bullets to a pound ; the second, 
their diameters; the third, the diameters 
of those of 10, 11, 12, &c. and the fourth, 
those of 20, 21, 22, &c. and the last, those 
of 30, 31, 32, &c. 
The government allows 11 bullets in the 
pound for the proof of muskets, and 14.5 in 
the pound, or 29 in two pounds tor service ; 
17 for the proof of carabines, and' 20 for 
service ; and 28 in the pound for proof of 
pistols, and 34 for service. 
The diameter of musket bullets differs 
but Jjth part from that of the musket-bar- 
rel ; for if the shot but just rolls into the 
barrel, it is sufficient. Cannon bullets or 
balls are of different diameters and weights 
according to the nature of the piece. 
BULLION, uncoined gold or silver in 
the mass. 
Those metals are called so, either when 
smelted from the native ore, and not per- 
fectly refined ; or when they are perfectly 
refined, but melted down in bars or ingots, 
or in any unwrought body, of any degree 
of fineness. 
When gold and silver are in their purity, 
they are so soft and flexible, that they can- 
not well be brought into any fashion for 
use, without being first reduced and har- 
dened with an alloy of some other baser 
metal. 
To prevent those abuses, which, some 
might be tempted to commit in the ipaking 
of such alloys, the legislators of civilized 
countries have ordained, that there shall he 
no more than a certain proportion of a 
baser metal to a particular quantity of pure 
gold or silver, in order to make thenji of the 
fineness of what is called the standajrd gold 
or silver of such a country. 
According to the laws of England, all 
sorts of wrought plate in general ought to 
be made to the legal standard; and the 
price of onr standard gold and silver is the 
common rule whereby to set a value on 
