BUP 
trees are planted in a particular manner, 
in number two at least, to be taken in a 
right line, the one liiding the other, so as 
the two may appear to the eye no more 
than one one. 
To BUOY up the cable is to fasten some 
pieces of wood, barrels, &c. to the cable, 
near the anchor, that the cable may not 
touch the ground, in case it be foul or 
rocky, lest it should be fretted and cut off. 
BUPHAGA, the African beef-eater, in 
natural history, a genus of birds of the 
order of Pic®. Generic character : its bill 
is straight, and somewhat square ; its man- 
dibles are gibbous, entire, more gibbons 
externally, and its legs well formed for 
walking. It is found not only in Senegal, 
but near Calfraria. Its manners much re- 
semble those of the starling. It feeds on 
various kinds of insects, and alighting on 
the backs of antelopes, sheep, and oxen, 
and by pressure on the elevated part of the 
hide, which contains the larv® of the oestrus, 
forcing this out, greatly relieves the ani- 
mal, and procures itself an exquisite ban- 
quet. 
BUPHTHALMUM, in botany, a genus 
of the Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. 
Natural order of Composit® Oppositifoli®. 
Corymbifer®, Jussieu. Essential charac- 
ter : stigma of the hermaphrodite floscules 
undivided : seeds have the sides, especially 
in the ray, edged ; down an obscure edge ; 
receptacle chalFy. There are twelve spe- 
cies, of which, B. frntescens, shrubby ox- 
eye, rises with several woody stems from 
the root, and grows to the height of eight 
or ten feet, furnished with leaves veiy un- 
equal in size, some of which are narrow 
and long, others broad and obtuse. The 
foot-stalks of the larger leaves have, on 
their upper side, near their base, two sharp 
teeth standing upward, and a little higher 
there are generally two or three more grow- 
ing on the edge of the leaves. The flowers 
are produced at the ends of the branches 
single : these are of a pale yellow colour, 
and have scaly calyxes. It grows naturally 
in America. B. arborescens, tree ox-eye, 
seldom grows higher than three feet, send- 
ing out many stalks from the root, which are 
succulent; it has spear-shaped leaves placed 
opposite ; the flowers are produced upon 
foot-stalks, which are two inches long. 
These flowers are larger than those of the 
first sort, of a bright yellow colour. They 
appear in July, August, and September. 
Some of these plants are shrubs, but most 
of them are herbs. The flowers are com- 
VOL. II. 
BUP 
monly terminating, and mostly of a yellow 
colour. 
BUPLEURUM, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Digynia. Natural order of Um- 
bellat®. Essential character : involucres of 
the urabellule larger, five-leaved ; petals in- 
voluted ; fruit roundish, compressed, striat- 
ed. Therearel9 species, of which B. rotun- 
difblium, common thorough wax, so called 
from the singular circumstance of the stalk 
waxing or growing through the leaf; the 
root is annual, small, and fibrous ; the stem 
a foot high, upright, round, perfectly smooth, 
alternately branched; every part of the 
plant is remarkably hard and rigid, and has 
a slight aromatic smell. It is a native of 
most parts of Europe. B. stellatum, starry 
hare’s ear, has a perennial root, with a stem 
about 18 inches high, with long grass-like 
root-leaves, some ending obtusely, others 
drawing to a point; scarcely any on the 
stem, except one embracing leaf under a 
branch. Univei-sal involucre of one, two, 
or three leaves. Partial involucre coloured, 
longer than the flowers, eiglit or nine-cleft 
at the edge, but united at bottom, so as to 
form a sort of basin in which the flowers are 
lodged. It is a native of tlie Alps, of Swit- 
zerland, and Dauphine. Most of the Bupleu- 
riims are herbaceous plants, some of them 
are shrubby, and one is thorny ; the leaves 
are mostly simple and entire. The little 
flowers are yellow, and but few in an um- 
bel. The involucre is many-leaved and 
short, though it has sometimes only three or 
five leaves. They are almost all of them 
natives of Switzerland and the South of 
France. 
BUPRESTIS, in natural history, a genus 
of insects of the order Coleoptera. Generic 
character : antenn® setaceous, of the length 
of the thorax ; head half withdrawn beneath 
the thorax. This genus of insects is very 
conspicuous, on account of the supeiior 
brilliancy of its colours, with which many of 
the larger species shine with a metallic 
lustre. It is a very numerous genus^ con- 
sisting, according to Gmelin, of 156 species. 
Among these we shall notice the B. gigantea, 
which is the largest hitherto discovered, 
measuring two inches and a half in length : 
the thorax is smooth, resembling the colour 
of polished bell-metal, and the wing-sheaths 
are of a gilded copper colour, witli a cast of 
blue green. It is a native of India, China, 
and many other parts of Asia, and is also 
found in South America. Its beauty is so 
very singular, that the Chinese attempt to 
imitate it on bronze, in which they have 
C 
