CAC CAC 
cable • sometimes also to a cross covered C. libanotis, smooth-seeded cachrys, has 
over with rounds of rope, more properly a thick fleshy root like fennel, which runs 
called a cross-corded, deep into the ground, sending out several 
CABOCHED, in heraldry, is when the narrow pinnate leaves, ending in many 
heads of beasts are borne without any part points ; between these arises a smooth 
of the neck, full faced. jointed stalk, about three feet high, which 
CACALIA, in botany, a genus of the is terminated by large umbels of yellow 
Syngenesia Polygamia class and order. Na- flowers. Native of Sicily. C. tenuifolia, 
tural order of Composit® Discoide® : Co- five-leaved cachrys ; root perennial, fieshy, 
rymbifer®, Jussieu. Essential dial acter : gratefully aromatic, with branches an inch 
calyx cylindric, oblong, at the base only thick, a cubit in length, covered with a 
siibcalycled ; down capillary ; receptade smooth bark ; umbels almost a span m di- 
naked. There are thirty-three species, of ameter, consisting of from sixteen to twenty 
which we shall only give a short description rays, about two inches in length ; flowers 
of two or three. C. papillaris, or rough yellow. Native of Montpellier, flowering 
stalked cacalia, has the foot stalk very 
strong and thick, and is set round on every 
side, being destitute of leaves, with three 
truncated foot stalks ; and thus is the stem 
defended in a singular manner from exter- 
nal injuries. It is a native of the Cape of 
Good Hope, and is cultivated in England, 
but has never yet produced flowers. C. 
suaveolens, sweet-scented cacalia, has a 
perennial creeping root, sending out many 
stalks ; these rise to the height of seven 
or eight feet, are streaked, quite simple, 
and terminated by corymbs of white flow- 
ers ; the peduncles above the ramifications 
have bristle-shaped bractes scattered over 
them, which are smooth. It is a native of 
Virginia and Canada ; flowering in August, 
and ripening its seeds in October. The 
roots which have been cast out of the Chel- 
sea gardens have been carried by the tide 
to a great distance, and lodged on the banks 
of the rivers, and fastened themselves to the 
ground, where they have increased so much 
as almost to appear as if they were natives. 
C. articulata, jointed stalked cacalia, is an 
elegant plant, smooth and glaucous, of an 
unpleasant flavour; stems many, fleshy, 
round, upright but weak, marked with 
scars from the fallen leaves, and painted 
with lines of a deep green ; florets twenty- 
five, a little longer than the calyx, white, 
with border acute and spreading much; 
anthers dark purple ; stigma bifid, yellow ; 
seeds linear, crowned with a white sessile 
egret. Found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
It flowers in November. 
CACAO, the chocolate tree, in botany. 
See Theobroma. 
CACHRYS, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Digynia class and order. Na- 
tural order of Umbellat®. Essential cha- 
racter: fruit subovate, angular, suberous, 
cortical. There are five species, of which 
in May. 
CACTUS, in botany, a genus of the Ico- 
sandria Monogynia class and order. Natu- 
ral order of Succulent®. Cacti, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx one-leafed, su- 
perior, imbricate ; corolla manifold ; berry 
one-celled, many-seeded. There are twenty- 
seven species. This genus consists of suc- 
culent plants, permanent in duration, sin- 
gular and various in structure; generally 
without leaves, having the stem or branches 
jointed; for the most part armed with 
spines in bundles, with which, in many spe- 
cies, bristles are intermixed. The bundles of 
spines are placed on the top of the tubercles 
in the C. mammillaris, smaller melon thistle, 
which is tubercled all over, and produces its 
flowers between the tubercles. In C. me- 
locactus, great melon thistle, or turk’s cap, 
the spines are ranged in a single row on the 
ridge of the ribs ; when it is cut through the 
middle, the inride is found to be a soft 
green, fleshy, substance, very full of mois- 
ture. The flowers and fruit are produced 
in circles round the upper part of the cap. 
C. pitajaya, torch thistle, or torch wood, 
is upright, and grows to the height of eight 
or ten feet. The flower is whitish, very 
handsome, but has scarcely any smell ; it is 
half a foot in diameter, and blows in the 
night. The fruit is of the form and size of 
a hen’s egg, of a shining scarlet colour on 
the outside ; the pulp is white, fleshy, sweet, 
eatable, full of small black seeds. C. gran- 
diflorus, great flowering creeping cereus ; 
and C. flagelliformis, pink flowering creep- 
ing cereus, are the same with those already 
mentioned, except that the stems are weak, 
and cannot support themselves ; they there- 
fore seek assistance, and throw out roots 
from the stem like ivy. C. moniliformis, 
necklace Indian fig ; the branches are 
jointed, and very much flatted; the bundles 
