CAL 
gold there are the following varieties, viz. 
The single. The common double flowering. 
The largest very double flowering. The 
double lemon-coloured, and the greater and 
smaller childing marigold. 
CALENTES, in logic, a sort of syllo- 
gism in the fourth, commonly called ga- 
lenical, figure, wherein the major propo- 
sition is universal and affirmative ; and tlie 
second or minor, as well as the conclusion, 
universal and negative. 
Tliis is intimated by the letters it is com- 
posed of, where the A signifies an uiaversal 
affirmative, and the two E’s as many imi- 
versal negatives. Ex. gr. 
CA. Every affliction in this wmrld is only 
for a time. 
lEn. No affliction, which is only for a 
time, ought to disturb us. 
tEs. No affliction ought to disturb us, 
which happens in this world. 
The Aristotelians, not allowing tlie fourth 
figure of syllogisms, turn this word into 
CiElAntEs, and make it only an indirect 
mood rf the first figure. 
CALENTURE, in medicine, a feverish 
disorder incident to sailors in hot climates ; 
the principal symptom of which is, their 
imagining the sea to be green fields ; hence, 
attempting to walk abroad in these imagi- 
nary places of delight, they are frequently 
lost. 
CALIBER, or Caliper, properly de- 
notes the diameter of any body : thus we 
say, two columns of the same caliber, the 
caliber of the bore of a gun, the caliber of 
a bullet, &c. 
Caliber compasses, the name of an in- 
strument, made either of wood, iron, steel, 
or brass : that used for measuring bullets 
consists of two branches bending inwards, 
with a tongue fixed to one of them, and the 
other graduated in such a manner, that if 
the bullet be compressed by the ends of 
the two branches, and the tongue be ap- 
plied to the graduated branch, it will shew 
the weight of the bullet. 
On these rulers are a variety of scales, 
tables, proportions, &c. which are reckoned 
very useful to gunners. On the best cali- 
ber compasses we have the measure of con- 
vex and concave diameters in inches. 2, 
The weight of iron shot from given diame- 
ters. 3. The weight of iron shot from given 
gun bores. 4. The degrees of a semi-circle. 
The proportion of troy and avoirdupois 
weight. 6. The proportion of English and 
French feet and pounds. 7. Factors used 
CAL 
in circular and spherical figures. 8. Tables 
of the specific gravities and weights of 
bodies. 9. Tables of the quantity of pow- 
der necessary for proof and service of brass 
and iron guns. 10. Rules for computing 
the number of shot or shells in a finished 
pile. 11. Rules concerning the fall of 
heavy bodies. 12. Rules for raising water 
and for firing artillery and mortars. 13. 
A line of inches. 14. Logarithmic scales of 
numbers, sines, versed sines, and tangents. 
15. A sectoral line of equal parts, or the 
line of lines. 16. A sectoral line of planes 
and superficies. 17". A sectoral line of 
solids. 
Caliber also signifies an instrument used 
by carpenters, joiners, and bricklayers, to 
see whether tlieir work be welEsquared. 
CALICO, a species of cloth of cotton 
thread, manufactured formerly in the East 
Indies ; but now we have in tliis country 
establislied manufactories which equal those 
in the East, It is said that in this business, 
and in the printing of calicoes, there are 
150,000 persons employed. Cotton, in its 
raw state, is imported into this country, 
but calicoes are prohibited under the sever- 
est penalties. 
CM.ico-pi'inimg : the art of cloth-print- 
ing or calico-printing, in other words, of 
dying in certain colours particular spots of 
the cloth, or figures impressed on it, while 
the ground shall be of a different colour or 
entirely white, aflfords perhaps the most 
direct and obvious illustration of the appli- 
cation of tliese principles. The mordant 
which is principally used in this process is 
the acetate of argil. It is prepared by dis- 
solving Slbs. of alum and lib. of acetate of 
lead in Slbs. of warm water. An exchange 
of the principles of these salts takes place : 
the sulphuric acid of the alum combines 
with the oxide of lead, and the compound 
thus formed being insoluble is precipitated, 
the acetic acid remains united with the 
argil of the alum in solution. There are 
added at the same time two ounces of the 
potash of commerce, and two ounces of 
chalk ; the principal use of which appears 
to be, to neutralize the excess of acid that 
might act on the colouring matter and alter 
its shade. 
The superiority of this acetate of argil 
as a mordant to the cheaper sulphate of ar- 
gil or alum, arises principally from two cir- 
cumstances, — from the affinity between its 
principles being weaker, in consequence of 
which the argil more easily separates from 
the acid, and unites with the cloth and the 
