CAR 
are usually considered as noxious weeds, 
ratlier tlian ornamental plants, few of 
them are admitted into the flower-garden, 
and those few are valued more for their va- 
riety, than for their beauty. 
CAREENING, in the sea-language, the 
bringing a ship to lie down on one side, in 
order to trim and caulk the other side. A 
ship is said to be brought to the careen, 
when the most of her lading being taken 
out, she is hauled down on one side by a 
small vessel as low as necessary ; and there 
kept by the weight of the ballast, ordnance, 
&c. as well as by ropes, lest her masts 
should be strained too much ; in order that 
her sides and bottom may be trimmed, 
seams caulked, or any thing that is faulty 
under water mended. Hence when a ship 
lies on one side when she sails, she is said to 
sail on the careen. 
CARET, among grammarians, a charac- 
ter marked thus a, signifying that some- 
thing is added on the margin, or interlined, 
which ought to have come in where the ca- 
ret stands. 
CAREX, in botany, English sedge, a genus 
of the Monoecia Triandria class and order. 
Natural order of Calamariae. Cyperoideae, 
Jussieu. Essential character ; ament imbri- 
cate ; calyx one-leafed ; corolla none ; fe- 
male, nectary inflated ; three-toothed ; stig- 
mas three ; seeds three-sided, within the nec- 
taiy. There are ninety-seven species. These 
plants are very nearly allied to the grasses, 
agreeing with them in their general ap- 
pearance and leaves. They are however of 
a much harsher texture; the stem is not 
hollow, but filled with a spongy substance. 
The difference in the fructification is very 
considerable, as will appear from a compa- 
rison of the generic characters. They are 
perennial, and flower in May and June. 
The carices or sedges are classed rather 
among the noxious plants than with such 
as are useful, for they yield a very coarse 
grass and fodder, to the exclusion of real 
grass and other profitable plants, which 
they subdue by their strong creeping 
roots. 
CARGO denotes all the merchandise 
and effects which are laden on board a 
ship, exclusive of the crew, rigging, ammu- 
nitioh, provisions, guns, &c. though all these 
load it sometimes more than tlie merchan- 
dise. 
We say that a ship has its cargo, when it 
is as full of merchandise as it can hold ; 
that it has half its cargo, when it is but half 
full ; that it brings home a rich cargo, when 
CAR 
it is laden with precious merchandise, and 
in great quantity ; that a merchant has 
made the whole cargo of the ship, or only 
one half, or one quarter of the cargo, when 
he has laden the whole ship at his own ex- 
pense, or only one half or one fourth of it. 
Disposing of any part of the cargo, before 
the vessel reaches her intended port, is 
called breaking bulk. 
Cargo, super, a person employed by 
merchants to go a voyage, and oversee the 
cargo, and dispose of it to the best ad- 
vantage. . 
CARICA, in botany, a genus of tire 
Dioceia Decandria, or rather Polygamia 
class and order. Natural order of Tricoc- 
cae. Cucurbitaceae, Jussieu. Essential 
character : male calyx' veiy small, five- 
toothed ; corolla five-parted, fimnel form ; 
filaments in the tube of the corolla, alter- 
nately shorter ; herm. calyx five-toothed ; 
corolla five-pai-ted ; stigmas five ; berry 
one-celled, many-seeded. There are two 
species, viz. C. papaya, common papaw- 
tree, and C. posoposo, dwarf papaw-tree. 
These plants, being natives of hot countries, 
will not thrive in England without the as- 
sistance of the warm stove. Where there 
are conveniences of a proper height, they 
deserve a place as well as almost any of the 
plants which are cultivated for ornament. 
They grow to the height of twenty feet, 
with upright stems, garnished on every side 
near the top with large shining leaves. The 
flowers of the male sort come out in clusters 
on all sides, and the fruit of the female 
growing round the stalks between the 
leaves, forming altogetlier a beautiful ap- 
pearance, 
CARICATURA, in painting, denotes the 
concealment of real beauties, and the ex- 
aggeration of blemishes, but still so as to 
preserve a resemblance of the oltject. 
CARIES, in surgery, the corruption of a 
bone when it is deprived of its periosteum, 
and becomes fatty, yellow, brown, and at 
last black. See Surgery. 
CARINA, in botany, a keel, the name 
which Linnaeus gives to the lower concave 
petal of a pea-bloom, or butterfly-shaped 
flower, from its supposed resemblance to 
the keel of a ship. 
CARISSA, in botany, a genus of the 
Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order ofContortae. Apocineae, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character : corolla contort- 
ed ; berries two, many-seeded. There are 
two species, natives of the East Indies and 
Africa. 
