CAR 
smell are particularly acute in the carnivor- 
ous tribes, as it is by means of them that 
they discover or seek out their prey. 
Carnivorous animals are usually cruel and 
treacherous in their dispositions ; they are 
even unsocial with respect to their own 
species ; and hence it is that their numbers 
are so few in comparison to that of the gra- 
minivorous kind : if it were not for this wise 
ordinance of nature the defenceless orders 
of animals would soon be devoured, and 
the carnivorous would become the prey of 
each other. 
CARNOSITY, a terra sometimes used 
for an excrescence, or tubercle, in the ure- 
thra, the neck of the bladder, &c. 
CAROLINEA, in botany, a genus of 
the Monadelphia Polyandria class and or- 
der. Natural order of Columniferee. Mal- 
vaceae, Jussieu. Essential character : mo- 
nogynous ; calyx simple, tubular, truncate ; 
petals eiisiform ; pome five-grooved, two- 
Celled. There are two species, of which 
C. princepsis a large thornless tree. Leaves 
alternate; stipules two, short, caducous. 
Flowers solitaiy, vei-y large and beautiful ; 
petals yellow. The fruit has the appear- 
ance of that of the chocolate or of cucum- 
ber, with seeds like almonds ; native of 
Guiana. 
CAROLUS, an ancient English broad 
piece of gold, struck under Charles I. Its 
value has of late been at twenty-three shil- 
lings sterling, though at the time it was 
coined, it is said to have been rated at only 
twenty shillings. 
Carolus, a small copper coin, with a 
little silver mixed with it, struck under 
Charles VIII. of France. 
CAROTIDS, in anatomy, two arteries of 
the neck, which convey the blood from the 
aorta to the brain, one called the right ca- 
rotid, and the other the left. See Ana- 
tomy. 
CAROXYLON, in botany, a genus of 
the Pentandria Monogynia class and or- 
der. Essential character : corolla tive-pe~ 
tailed ; nectary tive-leaved, converging, 
inserted into the corolla ; seed clothed. 
There is but one species, viz. C. salsola ; 
has a perennial root ; stem arborescent, 
erect, very branching, naked. Leaves on 
the branchlets, frequent, imbricate, sessile, 
subglobular, ovate, ^ concave within and 
smooth ; axils loaded with other leaves. In 
Africa they use the ashes with mutton suet 
to make soap. 
CARPENTRY, the art of cutting, fram- 
ing, and joining large pieces of wood, for 
CAR 
the uses of building. It is one of tlie arts 
subservient to architecture, and is divided 
into house-carpentry and ship-carpentry ; 
the first is employed in raising, rooting, 
flooring of houses, &c. and the second in the 
building of ships, barges, &c. The rules in 
carpentry are much the same with those of 
joinery ; the only difference is, that carpen- 
try is used in the larger coarser work, and 
joinery in the smaller and cttrious. 
CARPESIUM, in botany, a genus of the 
Syngenesia Polygamia Srtperflua class and 
order. Natural order of Compound flowers ; 
division of Discoidese. Corymbiferse, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character : calyx imbri- 
cate ; the outer scales reflex ; down none ; 
receptacle naked. There are two species, 
viz. C. cernuum, drooping carpesium, is a 
native of the south of France, Italy, Car- 
nioia, Austria, Switzerland, and Japan ; and 
C. abrotanoides is a native of China and 
Japan. 
CARPET : this beautiful covering for 
floors is of several descriptions, being made 
of various materials, and various forms. The 
Turkey, Persia, and Brussels carpets, are 
chiefly made of silk ; the two former, owing 
to the vivid colours with which the materials 
are dyed, and the fineness of the texture, 
are peculiarly rich and beautiful. We have 
various extensive manufactories, of which 
those at Wilton and Kidderminster may be 
accounted the principal. Carpets are there 
made in large pieces, suited to the full ex- 
tent of apartments ; while the Scotch car- 
petting, being made in breadths of not more 
than four feet, affords the convenience of 
making up to any size ; but it is not so last- 
ing. The great carpets are made on frames 
and rollers not unlike those for tapestry, 
and under similar guidance where the pat- 
tern is intricate. Carpet-making supports 
many thousands of the industrious poor of 
this country ; and bemg almost wholly found 
on the produce of our own island is of great 
importance as a national benefit. 
CARPHALEA, in botany, a genus of 
the Tetrandia Monogynia class and order : 
corolla one-petalled, funnel-form, hairy 
within ; calyx four-cleft, witli spatulate 
scarious segments ; capsule two-celled, two- 
valved, many seeded. One species, C. co- 
rymbosa, found in Madagascar. 
CARPINUS, in botany, English hornr 
beam, a genus of the Monoecia Polyandria 
class and order. Natural order of Amen- 
taceaj. Essential character : calyx one- 
leafed, with a ciliate scale; corolla none ; 
male stamens twenty ; female germs two, 
