CHEiMISTRY. 
2. Simple principles, which have been 
exhibited only in the gaseous form, unless 
In combination. These are (u) oxyaeu, 
(i) hydrogen, (c) azote, or nitrogen. The 
character here assumed for classification 
might seem insufficient, as being merely 
relative to our present means of attempting 
to condense these bodies, if there were not 
.'onie strong distinctive circumstances be- 
longing to them. In particular, oxygen 
with hydrogen forms water, of w’hich an 
immen.se ocean covers tvvo-thirds of the 
surface of our planet ; and oxj'gen with ni- 
trogen forms the air of that atmosphere 
which surrounds us on all sides to the height 
of many miles, and would, if it could be 
compressed to the density of common cartli, 
cover all the land and sea to the depth of at 
least fifteen feet ; and (d) tlie unknown 
base of muriatic acid ought probably to be 
admitted in this place. 
3. Simple principles, not combustible. 
These are (a) earths, distinguished hy a 
W’ant of fusibility, volatility, aud solubility 
in water, which in most species is almost 
total. There are nine at present known; 
namely, silex, alumina, lime, magnesia, ba- 
rytes, strontites, zircon, ittria, glucine ; and 
(A) alkalies, which are fusible, volatile by a 
red heat, and very soluble in water ; three 
are know n ; potash, soda, and ammonia. 
The recent decomposition of the two 
former alkalies (see Alkali), aud tlie well 
known composition of the latter, must with 
propriety exclude them from their present 
situation ; but they are retained in this class 
of incombustibles until the confirmation and 
developement of those facts shall have per- 
fectly settled their place. 
4. Simple principles, combustible, and in 
Some aggregations transparent. These are, 
(a) diamond, or carbon ; (6) sulphur ; and 
(c) phosphorus. The two latter of these 
combine readily, and burn witli the oxy- 
gen of the atmosphere ; the latter, in various 
of its compounds and species, appears to be 
impeded in its combustion by the force of 
coliesion in the aggregate. 
5. Simple principles, combustible, opaque 
in every state of solid aggregation, and pe- 
culiarly brilliant by reflection ; metals. Of 
these, 28 are at present known. 1. Gold; 
2. Platina; 3. Silver; 4. Mercury; 5. Iridi- 
um; 6. Osmium; 7. Rhodium;. 8. Palla- 
dium; 9. Copper; 10. Iron; 11. Lead; 12. 
Tin ; 13. Zinc ; 14. Bismuth ; 15. Antimony ; 
16. Nickel; 17. Cobalt; 18. Manganese; 
19, Arsenic; 20. Tellurium; 21. Chrome; 
22. Molybdena: 23. Tungsten; 24. Tita- 
niiiiu; 25. Uranium; 26. Colnmbiura; 27. 
'laiitaliuni; 28. Cerium. 
II. Primary compounds, os' combinations of 
two shnple prbiciples. 
1 . Water ; composed of oxygen and hv- 
drogen. 
2. Ammonia; composed of hydrogen and 
azote. And in this place we may expect 
hereafter to place the other alkalies and the 
earths. 
3. Oxides; composed of combustible 
principles, particularly metals, combined 
witii oxygen. These are, (a) oxides of car- 
bon ; as plumbago, common charcoal, car- 
bonic oxide ot azote, — of sulphur, — of phos- 
phorus ; aud (A) of the metals. 
4. Acids ; combustibles, or metals com- 
bined w ith a larger portion of oxygen than 
exists in their oxides. The oxygenated 
substance is called the base of the acid, and 
th.ere are acids with two, and perhaps more, 
bases. Rejecting, for the present, their 
modifications arising from more or less of 
oxygen, they are tire sulphuric, nitric, 
muriatic, piiosphoiic, carbonic, fluoric, bo- 
racic, arsenic, molybdic, chromic, tungstic, 
columbic, acetic, benzoic, moroxylic, cam- 
phoric, oxalic, mellitic, tartaric, citiic, seba- 
cic, saclactic, laccic, malic, suberic, formic, 
prussi'c, gallic. 
5. Compounds of two incombustible priii- 
ciples. Tiiese are either eiuths with earths, 
as in (a) potteiy, which for the most part is 
a mixture of aggregates ;— -or earths wiUi al- 
kalies, which form (6) glass. 
6. Compounds of a combustible and an 
incombustible principle, (a) Sulphurets of 
lime, magnesia, barytes, strontites, potash, 
soda, ammonia; (A) carburet of alumina- 
and (c) phosphurets of lime ; barytes ; strou- 
tites. 
7. Compounds of two combustible prin- 
ciples. («) Hydrogen with carbon ; caibu- 
retted hydrogen gas; supercarburetted hy- 
drogen gas, or olefiant gas. (A) Hydrogen, 
with metals ; gasiform suspension of arsenic 
zinc, or iron, (c) Carbon witli sulphur- 
carburet of sulphur, (d) Carbon with iron • 
carburet ofiron, or crude iron, (e) Sulphur 
with hydrogen; sulphuretted hydrogen gas. 
(/) Sulpliur witli phosphorus ; sulphurct of 
phosphorus. (§■) Sulphur with most of the, 
metals ; sulphurets of each. (A) Phospho- 
rus with hydrogen ; phosphorized Jiydrogen 
gas, phospliuretted hydrogen gas. (i) Phos- 
phurets ot carbon. (A) Phosphurets of nianv 
of the metals. (1) Metals with metals; al- 
loys. 
