Trliite party has a black and a white bi- 
shop; though they are both made of a 
white substance : the same holds in regard 
to the adversary’s bishops. The knights 
have a circular move, always proceeding to 
such squares, within two distant, as may be 
of opposite colour to that from w’hich they 
move; counting that square, say it be 
white, as one, tlie knight passes over one 
square, either black or white, and jetties 
on a black square next thereto. Hence a 
knight can remove to or command eight 
squares, all in ditferent directions from that 
on which he stands. Tlie castles only moye 
at right angles \yith the board ; proceeding, 
if nothiirg should interrupt, either the -whole 
length, or the whole breadth, at pleasure. 
The pawns have each the privilege of mov- 
ing forward two squares, at the first move 
of each respectively, provided no obstacle 
should present itself ; but ever after they 
can only move forward one square at a 
time. When pawns capture, they do it 
obliquely, but only at one square distance : 
thus a pawn, on a white square, can take any 
pawn or piece of the adversary s that may 
be on either of the diagonals proceeding 
from such white square, right and left, pro- 
vided such pawn or piece be on the square 
next to that on which the pawn stands. 
Pawns never recede; all their moves are 
straight forward ; they have, however, file 
great privilege of being changed for any 
piece the party they appertain to may 
choose, whenever tl;ey can reach that line 
on which the adversary’s pieces w'ere origi- 
nally arranged ; on such occasions the suc- 
cessful pawn is taken ofi' the square, and 
any piece its owner may have lost is placed 
tiiereon in its stead. As a queen is usually 
chosen, where one has been lost, this 
is called making a queen. 
A review of the chess board will show 
that every pi; ce, as it stands on the board, 
protects one pawn, while each of tiie 
two centre pawns has four defences. The 
weakest p-irts of the boaixb are tlm pawns 
before the knights and bishops. 
The king cannot remain in check, nor 
can he remove to a squai-e that is com- 
manded by any piece or pawn of the adver- 
sary. AViien he is so situated as to be lia- 
ble to be taken, i. e. in clieck, and that he 
cannot move but into a similitr situation, 
the game is ended, by what is called check- 
mate. When the party cannot move any 
of his pieces or pawns, and his king is 
not in check, or, as it is called, ca prise, 
but would be so if he moved, he wins the 
game, under tlie plea of stale-mate. To 
etiect this, when the' party has lost his de- 
fences, is fiierefo.re an object of moment. 
Young players, when carrying all before 
them, very frequently give their adversaries 
this negative victory, by -ptishing qn, witli- 
out attending to the consequences of too 
closely confining the opponent’s king. 
AVhen the space between the king and 
either castle is dear, and, tliat neither the 
king nor castle are en prise, the castle may 
then be brought next to the king, and the 
king he placed on the opposite side of the 
castle; this is called castleing, but can 
only be done once in the game, and before 
either the king or the castle have made 
any move. If either the king, or castle, 
crosses or comes upon a square that is 
commanded by a piece or pawn belonging 
to the adversary, tlie castleing cannot be 
allowed, 
This operation is resorted tOj cither for 
the purpose of withdrawing the king from 
an attack directed against the square on 
which he is placed, or against that of his 
paw'll ; or it is used as the means of open- 
ing a communication between the two cas- 
tles, when all the intermediate pieces are 
removed ; or to strengthen the defence of 
the centre pawns, as vvell as to cai'ry the 
game into the centre of the adversary’s 
board. It is to be remarked, that the cen- 
tre is ever to be strongly defended, if the 
measures pursued by the other party should 
admit. When the lateral game is played, 
that defence must be adopted which cir- 
cumstances Remand, The judicious chess 
player never makes, an useless move, nor 
leaves a pavrn or a piece unprotected. He 
forms his plans regularly, so as to calculate 
with precision what would lie the position 
of the pieces after four or five moves he 
has in contemplation may have been made. 
He looks more to the solidity of his mea- 
sares, than to little ensnaring stratagems ; 
though he will not fail to appear ignorant 
of such designs as he' may perceive to 
be within the intention of his opponent; 
when be knows that by an aflected in- 
attention, or blindness, to the device, he 
can make a more immediate impression^ 
and render the whole speculation, not only 
void, but the means of ruining its prejector. 
The game of chess has certainly some 
affinity to the art of war; but the analogy 
is not so strict as players generally suppose. 
We can, however, inform the amateurs of 
this pleasing species of contest, that a work 
is now in the press which cannot fail t® 
